Tektronix DPO71254C

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Nyquist frequency

The highest frequency that any digital oscilloscope can measure without errors is one-half of the sample rate or frequency. This

frequency is called the Nyquist frequency.

The FFT waveform displays the input signal frequency components from DC (0 Hz) to the Nyquist frequency.

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The FFT display

The following illustration shows a typical time-domain waveform and the frequency components of that signal as part of the math

FFT waveform.

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Math setups

256 DPO70000SX, MSO/DPO70000DX, MSO/DPO70000C, DPO7000C, and MSO/DPO5000B Series

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Default Chapter5
- Table of Contents5
- Introduction31
About Tektronix Oscilloscopes33
- Product Description33
- Product Software36
- Options and Accessories36
  - Recommended Accessories36
  - Options42
- Documentation and Technical Support47
- Working with Your Tektronix Oscilloscope54
Controls and Connectors101
- Front Panel Controls and Connectors101
- Rear and Side Panel Connectors113
Cursor Setups117
- Cursor Setup Control Window (YT Display Format)117
- Track Mode118
- Cursor Type Control Window119
- Cursor Sources (YT Display)120
- Cursor Style121
- Cursor Position Control Window122
- Horizontal Bar Cursors123
- Vertical Bar Cursors124
- Waveform Cursors124
- Screen Cursors125
- Cursor Track Mode125
- Cursor Measurements126
- Cursor Setup Control Window (XY Display Format)128
Digital Setups131
- Digital Setup Control Window131
- Setting up Digital Signal Inputs132
- Digital Channel Threshold and Position133
- Turn on or off the Digital Channels D15-D8 and D7-D0135
- Set the Display Size of Logic Channels136
- Set the Global Threshold for Digital Channels136
- Set up Digital Channels137
Bus Setups139
- Bus Setup Control Window (Config Tab)139
- Bus Selection List141
- Bus Search Selection List142
- Display or Clear a Bus143
- Label a Bus143
- Change the Bus Position145
- Set up an I2C Serial Bus145
- Set up an SPI Serial Bus147
- Set up an RS-232 Serial Bus148
- Set up a USB Serial Bus150
- Set up a MIPI DSI-1 Serial Bus152
- Set up a MIPI CSI-2 Serial Bus153
- Set up an 8B10B Serial Bus155
- Set up a Custom Serial Bus156
- Set up a Pcie Serial Bus158
- Set up a CAN Serial Bus159
- Set up a LIN Serial Bus161
- Set up a FLEXRAY Serial Bus162
- Set up a MIL-1553 Serial Bus164
- Set up an Ethernet Serial Bus165
- Select the Number of Lanes167
- Select the Serial Bus Channel Type167
- Select the Serial Bus Channel Input168
- Select the USB Serial Bus Speed169
- Select the USB Bus Signal Type170
- Select the Data Rate170
- Select the Serial Bus Input171
- Select the USB Bus Threshold171
- Select the Serial Bus Channel Threshold172
- Select the SPI Bus Channel Polarity173
- Select the RS-232 Bus Channel Polarity173
- Select the RS-232 Bus Data Bits174
- Select the RS-232 Bus Parity175
- Select the RS-232 Bus Bit Rate175
- Select the SPI Bus Framing176
- Set the SPI Bus Idle Time177
- Set the SPI Bus Word Size177
- Select the SPI Bus Bit Order178
- Set up a Parallel Bus179
- Set up a Clocked Parallel Bus180
- Add Sources to a Parallel Bus181
- Set up Bus Channel Thresholds182
- Change the Bit Order of a Channel in a Parallel Bus183
- Remove a Channel from a Parallel Bus184
- Select the Bus Clock Source Channel184
- Select the Bus Clock Channel Polarity185
- Bus Setup Control Window (Display Tab)186
- Select the Bus Display View189
- Select the Bus Decode Method190
- View Bus Packet190
- Select the Bus Symbol Table191
- Symbol File Format192
  - Opening a Bus Symbol Table File193
Magnivu Setup195
- Using Magnivu195
Display Setups199
- Display Control Window (Appearance Tab)199
- Display Control Window (Screen Text Tab)200
- Text Properties Control Window201
- Display Control Window (Objects Tab)202
- Display Control Window (Colors Tab)203
- Display Persistence204
- Select the Display Format205
- XY Format Pairs206
- Set the Waveform Intensity206
- Select the Waveform Interpolation207
- Select the Graticule Style208
- Define the Color Palette209
- Remote Operation211
Horizontal and Acquisition Setups213
- Horizontal-Acquisition Control Window (Horizontal Tab)213
- Set Record Length Limit214
- Horizontal Digital Control Window215
- Horizontal Position-Scale Control Window216
- Horizontal Position-Scale Control Window with Delay Mode on217
- Horizontal-Acquisition Control Window (Acquisition Tab)218
- Autoset219
- Set Autoset Preferences221
- Undo an Autoset221
- Enable Enhanced Effective Number of Bits222
- Enable Fast Acquisitions223
- Start and Stop Waveform Acquisitions224
- Enable Roll Mode225
- Select a Sampling Mode226
- Set the Resolution228
- Select the Acquisition Mode229
- Acquisition Interval230
- Fastframe Control Windows230
- Set up Zoom232
Error Detector Setups235
- Use the Serial Error Detector235
- Set up the Serial Error Detector236
- Set Error Detector Advanced Settings238
- Specify the Error Detector Test Pattern239
- Set the Error Detector Stop Condition240
- Error Detector Overview240
Linktraining243
- Link Training Environment243
- Link Training Connections244
- Start Link Training245
- Typical Link Training Display246
- Results Table247
- Using Link Training from the Programming Interface247
Mask Testing Setups249
- Mask Setup249
- Tolerance Setup258
  - Set up Mask Testing Source-Tolerance258
  - Set up Mask Margins258
- Fail Setup259
- Fail Results Setup265
- User Mask Setup268
- Limit Test272
Math Setups277
- Set up a Math Waveform277
- Set up Math Averaging278
- Set Math Variables279
- Custom Analysis Functions279
- Use Custom Analysis Functions280
- MATLAB Custom Analysis Interface280
- Basic Spectral Setups281
  - Set up Basic Spectral Analysis281
  - Use Front Panel Spectral Controls282
- Advanced Spectral Setups282
- Using Spectral Analysis287
- Math Equation Editor292
Measurement Setups301
- Measurement Snapshot Control Window301
- Measurement Setup Control Window (Amplitude Tab)302
- Measurement Readouts303
- Select an Amplitude Measurement304
- Measurement Setup Control Window (Time Tab)307
- Select a Time Measurement308
- Measurement Setup Control Window (Communications Tab)310
- Select a Communications Measurement312
- Measurement Setup Control Window (more Tab)314
- Select a Miscellaneous Measurement316
- Counter Measurement Setup317
- Set up Measurement Statistics319
- Set up Reference Levels320
- Set up Measurement Gating322
- Set up Histogram Measurements323
- Set up Histograms324
Analyzing Waveforms329
- Control Marks329
- Select a Search Type330
- Select the Search Type331
- Select the Search Source331
- Configure a Search333
- Copy Search Settings334
- Set Advanced DDR Search Settings335
- Set Search Parameters336
- Check Search Results337
- View the Search Counts Results338
- View Search Marks339
- Set the Search Mode339
- Use Search and Mark Controls340
- Control User Marks in Table342
- Change Mark Display Digits342
- Export a Mark Table343
- View Mark Counts344
- Set up a Visual Search344
- Set up 8B10B Search Parameters346
- Set up RS-232 Search Parameters348
- Set up SPI Search Parameters351
- Set up I2C Search Parameters353
- Set up USB Search Parameters357
- Set up MIPI Search Parameters364
- Set up Pcie Search Parameters370
- Set up CAN Search Parameters372
- Set up LIN Search Parameters375
- Set up FLEXRAY Search Parameters378
- Set up MIL-1553 Search Parameters382
- Set up Ethernet Search Parameters385
- Set up DDR Search Parameters391
- Set up Custom Search Parameters393
- Set up Parallel Search Parameters394
- View the Results Table395
- Copy the Results Table399
- Select Columns to Copy or Export400
- Save the Results Table401
Myscope Setups403
- Set up a Myscope Control Window403
- Use a Myscope Control Window404
- Measure Controls405
- Save a Myscope File as a Dialog Box406
- Open or Edit a Myscope Dialog Box407
Trigger Setups409
- Set up Trigger Controls (a Event Tab)409
- Select the Trigger Type410
- Set the Trigger Mode Controls412
- Set up the Trigger Holdoff414
- Set to 50415
- A Event Triggers415
- Sequence Triggering473
- B Event Trigger491
  - Set up Trigger Controls (B Event Tab)491
- Visual Triggering492
- Mode and Holdoff506
  - Set up Trigger Controls (Options Tab)506
  - Enable Trigger Position Correction508
Vertical Setups511
- Set up Vertical Controls511
- Set up Input Channels513
- Zoom Control Window515
- Waveform Display Control Window516
- Set the Position-Offset517
- Waveform Label Control Window518
- Vertical Offset Control Window519
- Using Offset to Avoid Clipping Signals520
- Termination Controls520
- Coupling Controls522
- Deskew-Attenuation Control Window523
- Bandwidth Control Window525
- Enhanced Bandwidth526
- Vertical Setup Control Window (Aux Tab)528
- Probe Setup Control Window529
- Probe Setup Control Window (Setup Type)531
- Probe Setup Control Window (D15-D0 Tab)533
- Probe Setup Control Window (Probe Compensation)534
- Probe Setup Control Window (Probe Tip Selection)536
- Probe Setup Control Window (Probe Deskew)537
- Probe Setup Control Window (Probe Attenuation)539
- Probe Controls Window541
- Probe Properties542
- Probe Setup Control Window (Probe Status)543
- Signal Path Compensation545
- Signal Path Compensation Status547
Copying and Printing549
- Copy Setup549
- Copying Procedures553
- Printing555
File Menu559
- Reference Waveform Setups559
- Instrument Setups563
- Action on Event566
  - Set up Action on Event566
  - Set up Save on Event567
- Print Setups568
- Saving568
Utilities579
- Tek Secure Erase579
- Set Time and Date580
- GPIB Configuration Control Window581
- LAN Server Status Control Window582
- External Signals Control Window582
- Touch Screen584
- Instrument Calibration Control Window584
- Instrument Diagnostics Control Window586
- E-Mail on Event Control Window587
  - Measurement Save Options588
- Multipurpose Knobs590
- User Preferences Control Window591
- Option Installation595
How to ?607
- Taking Measurements625
- Creating and Using Math Waveforms630
- Using Mask and Limit Testing635
- Using E-Mail on Event641
  - Send an E-Mail on Events641
- Creating Spectral Waveforms642
- Using Reference Waveforms647
- Using Waveforms648
- Using Horizontal Delay651
Oscilloscope Reference681
- Functional Model681
- Process Overview682
- Waveform Acquisition683
  - Signal Connection683
  - Probes and Signal Connection683
  - Input Conditioning684
  - Bandwidth Enhancement684
  - Coupling685
  - Scaling and Positioning685
  - Vertical Acquisition Window Considerations686
  - Horizontal Acquisition Window Considerations688
  - Horizontal Acquisition Window Interrelated Parameters689
  - Independent Versus Shared Window690
  - Incompatible Acquisition Features690
  - Autoset Considerations691
  - Acquisition Hardware691
  - Sampling Process692
  - Sampling Modes693
  - Waveform Record693
  - Interleaving694
  - Interpolation694
- Trigger Function695
  - Triggering Concepts695
  - Trigger Sources696
  - Trigger Types697
  - Trigger Modes698
  - Trigger Holdoff698
  - Trigger Coupling699
  - Trigger Slope and Level699
  - Horizontal Trigger Position700
  - Delayed Trigger System700
  - Advanced Triggering700
  - Bus Trigger701
  - Communication Trigger701
  - Communication Triggering701
  - Glitch Trigger702
  - Pattern Trigger702
  - Runt Trigger703
  - Setup and Hold Trigger703
  - State Trigger704
  - Timeout Trigger705
  - Transition Time Trigger705
  - Video Trigger705
  - Width Trigger706
  - Window Trigger706
  - Sequential Triggering706
  - Triggering with Horizontal Delay off706
  - Triggering with Horizontal Delay on707
  - Triggering and Horizontal Delay Summary708
- Waveform Display709
  - Display Overview709
  - Display Elements710
  - Customizable Display Elements712
  - Acquisition Preview715
  - Waveform Display715
  - Operations on the Time Base716
  - Horizontal Position and the Horizontal Reference Point716
  - Using the Multizoom Feature717
- Waveform Measurement717
  - Automatic Measurements717
- Measurement Variables719
- Measurement Algorithms722
- Measurements on Envelope Waveforms730
- Missing or Out-Of-Range Samples731
- Measurement Warnings731
- Measurement Errors732
- Cursor Types732
- Histograms733
- Typical Math Waveforms734
- Math Waveforms735
- Math Waveform Differentiation736
- Math Waveform Sources737
- Math Waveform Expression Syntax738
- Offset Position Scale and Math Waveforms739
- Waveform Integration739
- Math Plugins740
  - Using Math Plugins740
  - Writing Math Plugins740
  - MATLAB Custom Functions746
- Spectral Math Waveforms748
- Spectral Math Controls748
- Spectral Math Time Controls749
- Spectral Math Gating Controls751
- Spectral Math Frequency Domain Controls752
- Spectral Math Magnitude Controls754
- Spectral Math Phase Controls756
- Spectral Analyzer Window Types760
- Flattop2 Window763
- Gaussian Window764
- Hamming Window765
- Hanning Kaiser-Bessel and Blackman-Harris Windows765
- Rectangular Window767
- Tek-Exponential Window768
- Recognizing Aliasing769
- Mask Testing770
  - Mask Key Points770
  - Serial Mask Testing with Mask Testing771
  - Levels Used in Taking Eye Measurements772
  - Output773
  - Miscellaneous775
- Data Threshold783
- Dead Time between Acquisitions783
- Delay Edges783
- Delay783
- Trigger Delay783
- Trigger Events783
- Select Digital Input Icapture784
- Set up Trigger Path Alignment784
- Set Logic Properties785
- Set the Logic Thresholds785
- Select the Display Style786
- Select the Math Color787
- Select the Reference Color788
- Select the Trigger Level Marker788
- Duty Cycle Distortion789
- Edit a User Mask789
- Editor Button789
- Enter Math Equation Editor (Operands)789
- Set up E-Mail on Trigger790
- Extinction Ratio790
- Extinction Ratio Decibel790
- Eye Base790
- Eye Diagram790
- Eye Height790
- Eye Top791
- Eye Width791
- Set up E-Mail Configuration791
- Send an E-Mail on Trigger793
- Fall Time793
- Fastframe Acquisitions793
- Force a Trigger794
- Frequency794
- Frequency Span794
- Getting the Analysis and Connectivity Support Tools794
- Ground Terminal794
- Guidelines for Working with Math Waveforms794
- High795
- High Impedance Probes795
- High Reference795
- Histogram Box Limits - Horizontal795
- Histogram Box Limits - Vertical796
- Histogram Box Location - Horizontal797
- Histogram Box Location - Vertical797
- Histogram Max798
- Histogram Mean798
- Histogram Min798
- Hits in Box798
- Maximum798
- Mean Plus or Minus 1 Stddev798
- Mean Plus or Minus 2 Stddev798
- Mean Plus or Minus 3 Stddev799
- Minimum799
- Peak Hits799
- Pk-Pk799
- Stddev (Standard Deviation)799
- Waveform Count799
- Median799
- Set the Horizontal Delay799
- Set the Horizontal Position799
- Horizontal Position-Scale Control Window (Delay Mode)800
- Set the Horizontal Position800
- Set the Horizontal Scale800
- Horizontal Reference Marker801
- Horizontal Delay Mode801
- Set the Horizontal Delay801
- Set the Horizontal Scale When Delay Is on802
- Acquisition Mode802
- Set Horizontal Delay and Horizontal Position806
- Horizontal Control Window Readouts807
- Horizontal Controls807
- I2C Addressing Mode809
- Installing Software809
- Interactions of Roll Mode and Other Instrument Settings809
- IVI Drivers809
- Jitter 6 Sigma810
- Jitter Peak-To-Peak810
- Jitter Root Mean Square810
- Lock Mask810
- Logic Pattern810
- Logic Pattern Inputs810
- Logic Pattern Trigger Criteria810
- Logic Pattern and State Pattern Editor (Bus Tab)811
- Logic Pattern and State Pattern Editor (Digital Tab)812
- Logic Clock Inputs812
- Logic Pattern Format813
- Logic Pattern Setup813
- Logic State Inputs813
- Logic State Trigger Criteria814
- Low814
- Low Impedance Probes814
- Low Reference814
- Enable Mask Autoset Autofit814
- Mask Autoset Horizontal Controls815
- Select the Mask Autoset Mode815
- Control the Mask Autoset Trigger Level816
- Set Mask Autoset Vertical Controls816
- Mask Hit Count817
- Math Arbitrary Filters817
- Enter a Math Expression825
- Display a Math Equation825
- Set the Math Display and Vertical Controls826
- Maximum826
- Mean826
- Set up a Histogram Measurement826
- Set up the Measurement List829
- Minimum830
- Natural Antilog830
- Negative Duty Cycle830
- Negative Overshoot830
- Negative Width Measurement830
- Noise Peak-To-Peak830
- Noise Root Mean Square830
- Normal Trigger Mode830
- Nyquist Frequency831
- Set up Zoom Autoscroll831
- Set the Cursor Position (XY Display)831
- Set Display Persistence832
- Set the Fastframe Analyze Tab Controls833
- Set up Fastframe Setup Tab Controls834
- Set up Fastframe View Tab Controls835
- Select Waveform Save Options836
- CSV Text Format838
- Set Mask Test Controls839
- Set up a Delay Measurement840
- Set up a Phase Measurement841
- Myscope Controls843
- Select Timestamp Save Options843
- Select the Graticule Size844
- Select the Termination-Coupling844
- Offset and Clipping845
- The On-Screen Multiview Zoom Menu846
- Peak to Peak846
- Period846
- Select Trigger Polarity846
- Positive Duty Cycle846
- Positive Overshoot847
- Positive Width847
- Predefined Functions847
- Probe Calibration Output847
- Probe Calibration Restrictions847
- Probe Compensation848
- Probe Compensation Adjustment848
- Probe Compensation Output848
- Quality Factor848
- Recall a Template Waveform848
- Recall a Mask849
- Horizontal Modes849
- Reference Point851
- Resolution Bandwidth851
- Rise Time851
- Rms851
- Set the RS-232 Baud Rate851
- Select the RS-232 Data Parity852
- Set the Upper and Lower Threshold Values852
- Runt Trigger Criteria852
- Save a Mask852
- Scallop Loss852
- Selecting a Spectral Window853
- Selected Waveform Versus Deselected Waveform854
- Sequence Triggering (Horizontal Delay On)855
- Change the Serial Bit Rate856
- Select the Serial Clock Source856
- Select the Serial Coding Standard856
- Select the Serial Data Format857
- Select the Serial Data Source857
- Select the Serial Data Standard857
- Serial Mask Testing Option857
- Define the Serial Pattern Data857
- Define the Serial Trigger on Pattern858
- Set up Fastframe Operation859
- Set to 50 with Comm Triggers859
- Clock Source Channel859
- Set the Clock Threshold Level859
- Select the Data Source Channel860
- Set the Data Threshold Level860
- Set the Setup and Hold Times860
- Enter a Spectral Math Equation860
- Enter a Spectral Math Expression860
- Spectral Tracking862
- Set up the Spectral Vertical Axis862
- Set the Spectral Vertical Controls864
- SPI Bus Trigger Polarity865
- SPI Bus Trigger Threshold865
- SPI Data Source865
- Supported Ades865
- Tekprobe-Tekvpi Interfaces865
- Set the Timeout Trigger Criteria865
- Set the Time-Out Value866
- Set the Upper and Lower Threshold Levels for Transition Time866
- Set the Transition Time Trigger Criteria866
- Trigger Coupling866
- Set the Glitch Width Criteria866
- Trigger Graticule866
- Trigger Holdoff (Auto)866
- Trigger Holdoff (Random)867
- Trigger Holdoff (Time)867
- Set the Trigger Level867
- Select the Trigger on Options867
- Select the Bus Trigger on Data867
- Select the Glitch Trigger Polarity867
- Set the Trigger Qualification868
- Set the Trigger Occurs and Qualification868
- HF Filtering869
- Envelope Triggering869
- Set the Trigger Reset Conditions870
- Trigger Settings (Shared - Independent)870
- Trigger Source870
- Trigger Summary871
- Window Event Trigger871
- Set the Trigger Width Limits871
- Set the Trigger Polarity871
- Using Fastframe Acquisitions872
- Use Print Screen872
- Analyze Menu872
- Cursors Menu872
- Digital Menu873
- Display Menu873
- Edit Menu873
- File Menu873
- Horizontal-Acquisition Menu873
- Mask Menu873
- Math Menu873
- Myscope Menu873
- Measurement Menu874
- Trigger Menu874
- Utilities Menu874
- Vertical Menu874
- Set the Vertical Position874
- Set the Vertical Scale875
- Select the Bandwidth876
- Bus Pattern Condition877
- Bus Selection877
- Bus Time Condition877
- Trigger Logic State Condition877
- Set the Parallel Bus Pattern877
- Bus Pattern Editor (Bus Tab)878
- Bus Pattern Editor (Bus Tab)879
- Bus Pattern Editor (Logic Tab on MSO Series)882
- Bus Pattern Editor (Live Tab)883
- Bus Pattern Format884
- Bus Trigger on Selections885
- Set Logic Thresholds885
- Select the Coupling889
- Set Display Characteristics889
- Set the Offset890
- Set the Vertical Position-Scale891
- Select the Probe Controls893
- Select the Termination894
- Set the Termination Voltage895
- Video Trigger Autoset896
- Select the Video Trigger Format896
- Specify the Video Trigger Holdoff896
- Select the Video Trigger Polarity896
- Working with Your Oscilloscope897
- Set the Window Trigger Levels897

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