8-12 Service Guide E8364-90026
General Purpose Maintenance Procedures PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers
Error Terms E8362B, E8363B, E8364B
Directivity (E
DF
and E
DR
)
E
DF
and E
DR
are the uncorrected forward and reverse directivity error terms of the
system. The directivity error of the test port is determined by measuring the S
11
and S
22
reflection of the calibration kit load. The load has a much better return loss specification
than does the uncorrected test port. Therefore, any power detected from this measurement
is assumed to be from directivity error.
The measurements most affected by directivity errors are measurements of low reflection
devices.
Typical Cause of Failure The calibration kit load is the most common cause of
directivity specification failure.
If the load has been gaged and its performance independently verified, suspect the
analyzer test port coupler.
To troubleshoot, refer to “Checking the Signal Separation Group” on page 4-48.
Source Match (E
SF
and E
SR
)
E
SF
and E
SR
are the forward and reverse uncorrected source match terms of the driven
port. They are obtained by measuring the reflection (S
11
, S
22
) of an open, and a short that
are connected directly to the ports. Source match is a measure of the match of the coupler,
as well as the match between all components from the source to the output port.
The measurements most affected by source match errors are reflection and transmission
measurements of highly reflective DUTs.
Typical Cause of Failure The calibration kit open or short is the most common cause of
source match specification failure.
If the open or short performance has been independently verified, then suspect the
analyzer switch splitter, step attenuator, or coupler.
To troubleshoot, refer to “Checking the Signal Separation Group” on page 4-48.
Load Match (E
LF
and E
LR
)
Load match is a measure of the impedance match of the test port that terminates the
output of a 2-port device. The match of test port cables is included in this response. Load
match error terms are characterized by measuring the S
11
and S
22
responses of a “thru”
configuration during the calibration procedure.
The measurements most affected by load match errors are all transmission measurements,
and reflection measurements of a low insertion loss two-port device, such as an airline.
Typical Cause of Failure The calibration kit load or a bad “thru” cable is the most
common cause of load match specification failure.
If the load and cable performance are independently verified, then suspect the analyzer
test port coupler, step attenuator, or the test receiver at the bad port.
To troubleshoot, refer to “Checking the Receiver Group” on page 4-52 or to “Checking the
Signal Separation Group” on page 4-48.
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