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Digi XBEE2 User Manual
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Transmission, addressing, and
routing
RF packet routing
XBee/XBee-PRO ZigBee RF Modules User Guide
64
The dat
a collect
or sends a many-
t
o-one rout
e reques
t
bro
adcas
t to cre
at
e rever
se rout
es on all devices.
A
re
m
ote
d
e
v
i
ce
se
n
d
s
a
n R
F
d
ata
p
ac
ke
t
to
t
he
d
a
ta
col
l
e
ct
o
r
.
Thi
s is
pre
faced by
a rou
te record
trans
mis
si
on to
the
data
coll
ect
or
.
Aft
er ob
taining a
sourc
e rout
e, the da
t
a c
ollect
or sends a
sourc
e rout
ed tr
ansmission to the r
emot
e devic
e.
63
65
Table of Contents
Default Chapter
2
Customer Support
2
Table of Contents
3
Overview
10
The Difference between Xbee and Zigbee
10
Specifications of the Xbee/Xbee-PRO ZB RF Module
10
Hardware Specifications for Programmable Variant
12
Mechanical Drawings
14
SIF Header Interface
15
Mounting Considerations
15
Pin Signals
16
EM250 Pin Mappings
17
Design Notes
18
Power Supply Design
18
Recommended Pin Connections
18
Board Layout
19
External Antenna Positioning Guidelines
19
Wire Whip Antenna Positioning
19
Chip Antenna Positioning
19
Electrical Characteristics
21
Module Operation for the Programmable Variant
21
Programmable Xbee SDK
23
Module Operation
24
Serial Communications
25
UART Data Flow
25
Serial Buffers
26
Serial Flow Control
27
Serial Interface Protocols
27
Api Operation
28
Comparing Transparent and API Operation
29
Modes of Operation
30
Idle Mode
30
Transmit Mode
30
Receive Mode
31
Command Mode
31
Sleep Mode
32
Xbee Zigbee Networks
34
Introduction to Zigbee
34
Zigbee Stack Layers
34
Networking Concepts
35
Device Types
35
Node Types / Sample of a Basic Zigbee Network Topology
35
Pan ID
36
Operating Channel
36
Zigbee Application Layers: in Depth
36
Application Support Sublayer (APS)
37
Application Profiles
37
Coordinator Operation
38
Forming a Network
38
Channel Selection
38
PAN ID Selection
38
Security Policy
38
Persistent Data
39
Xbee ZB Coordinator Startup
39
Permit Joining
40
Resetting the Coordinator
40
Leaving a Network
40
Replacing a Coordinator (Security Disabled Only)
41
Example: Starting a Coordinator
41
Example: Replacing a Coordinator (Security Disabled)
42
Router Operation
42
Discovering Zigbee Networks
42
Joining a Network
42
Authentication
43
Persistent Data
43
Xbee ZB Router Joining
43
Permit Joining
44
Joining Always Enabled
44
Joining Temporarily Enabled
44
Router Network Connectivity
44
Leaving a Network
46
Resetting the Router
47
Example: Joining a Network
47
End Device Operation
47
Discovering Zigbee Networks
47
Joining a Network
48
Parent Child Relationship
48
End Device Capacity
48
Authentication
48
Persistent Data
48
Orphan Scans
49
Xbee ZB End Device Joining
49
Parent Connectivity
50
Resetting the End Device
50
Leaving a Network
50
Example: Joining a Network
51
Channel Scanning for the Xbee/Xbee-PRO ZB RF Module
51
Managing Multiple Zigbee Networks
51
PAN ID Filtering
52
Preconfigured Security Keys
52
Permit Joining
52
Application Messaging
52
Transmission, Addressing, and Routing
53
Addressing
54
64-Bit Device Addresses
54
Application Layer Addressing
54
Data Transmission
54
Broadcast Transmissions
54
Unicast Transmissions
55
Data Transmission Examples
57
RF Packet Routing
60
Link Status Transmission
60
AODV Mesh Routing
61
Many-To-One Routing
63
Source Routing
63
Encrypted Transmissions
67
Maximum RF Payload Size
67
Throughput
68
ZDO Transmissions
68
Zdo
68
Sending a ZDO Command
69
Receiving ZDO Commands and Responses
69
Transmission Timeouts
71
Unicast Timeout
71
Extended Timeout
71
Transmission Examples
72
ZB Security
75
Security Modes
75
Zigbee Security Model
75
Network Layer Security
75
Frame Counter
76
Message Integrity Code
76
Network Layer Encryption and Decryption
76
Network Key Updates
76
APS Layer Security
76
Message Integrity Code
77
APS Link Keys
77
APS Layer Encryption and Decryption
77
Network and APS Layer Encryption
77
Trust Center
78
Forming and Joining a Secure Network
78
Implementing Security on the Xbee
78
Enabling Security
79
Setting the Network Security Key
79
Setting the APS Trust Center Link Key
79
Enabling APS Encryption
79
Using a Trust Center
80
Xbee Security Examples
80
Example 1: Forming a Network with Security (Pre-Configured Link Keys)
80
Example 2: Forming a Network with Security (Obtaining Keys During Joining)
81
Network Commissioning and Diagnostics
82
Device Configuration
83
Device Placement
83
Link Testing
83
RSSI Indicators
84
Device Discovery
84
Network Discovery
84
ZDO Discovery
84
Joining Announce
84
Commissioning Pushbutton and Associate LED
85
Commissioning Pushbutton
85
Associate LED
86
Managing End Devices
89
End Device Operation
89
Parent Operation
89
End Device Poll Timeouts
90
Packet Buffer Usage
90
Non-Parent Device Operation
90
Xbee End Device Configuration
91
Pin Sleep
91
Cyclic Sleep
93
Transmitting RF Data
96
Receiving RF Data
97
IO Sampling
97
Waking End Devices with the Commissioning Pushbutton
97
Parent Verification
97
Rejoining
97
Xbee ZB Router/Coordinator Configuration
98
RF Packet Buffering Timeout
98
Child Poll Timeout
98
Transmission Timeout
99
Putting It All Together
99
Short Sleep Periods
99
Extended Sleep Periods
99
Sleep Examples
99
Example 1
100
Example 2
100
Example 3
100
Analog and Digital IO Lines
102
IO Configuration
103
IO Sampling
103
Queried Sampling
105
Periodic IO Sampling
106
Change Detection Sampling
106
Rssi Pwm
106
IO Examples
107
API Operation
108
API Frame Specifications
109
API Examples
111
API UART Exchanges
112
AT Commands
112
Transmitting and Receiving RF Data
113
Remote at Commands
113
Source Routing
113
Supporting the API
114
API Frames
115
AT Command
115
AT Command - Queue Parameter Value
116
Zigbee Transmit Request
116
Explicit Addressing Zigbee Command Frame
119
Remote at Command Request
121
Create Source Route
123
AT Command Response
124
Modem Status
125
Zigbee Transmit Status
126
Zigbee Receive Packet
127
Zigbee Explicit Rx Indicator
128
Zigbee IO Data Sample Rx Indicator
129
Xbee Sensor Read Indicator
131
Node Identification Indicator
133
Remote Command Response
135
Over-The-Air Firmware Update Status
135
Route Record Indicator
138
Many-To-One Route Request Indicator
139
Sending Zigbee Device Objects (ZDO) Commands with the API
139
Sending Zigbee Cluster Library (ZCL) Commands with the API
142
Sending Public Profile Commands with the API
146
Device Authenticated Indicator
150
Register Joining Device Status
151
Register Joining Device
152
Command Reference Tables
153
Addressing Commands
154
Networking Commands
157
Security Commands
161
RF Interfacing Commands
162
Serial Interfacing (I/O) Commands
163
I/O Commands
164
Diagnostics Commands
168
AT Command Options
169
Sleep Commands
170
Execution Commands
171
Module Support
174
Power up the Module at 9600 Baud
175
Xctu
175
Customizing Xbee ZB Firmware
175
Design Considerations for Digi Drop-In Networking
175
Xbee Bootloader
176
Programming Xbee Modules
176
Serial Firmware Updates
176
Invoke Xbee Bootloader
176
Send the Firmware Image
176
SIF Firmware Updates
177
Writing Custom Firmware
178
Regulatory Compliance
178
Enabling GPIO 1 and 2
178
Detecting Xbee Versus Xbee-PRO
179
Ensuring Optimal Output Power
179
Improving Low Power Current Consumption
180
Xbee (Non-PRO) Initialization
180
When Sleeping (End Devices)
180
When Waking from Sleep (End Devices)
180
Definitions
181
Definitions
182
Agency Certifications
183
United States FCC
184
OEM Labeling Requirements
184
FCC Notices
184
FCC-Approved Antennas (2.4 Ghz)
185
RF Exposure
189
Europe
190
OEM Labeling Requirements
190
Restrictions
190
Declarations of Conformity
191
Important Note
191
Approved Antennas
191
Xbee RF Module
191
Xbee-PRO (S2) RF Module
191
Xbee-PRO (S2B) RF Module
191
Canada (IC)
191
Labeling Requirements
192
Transmitters for Detachable Antennas
192
Detachable Antenna
192
Australia/New Zealand
192
Brazil (Anatel)
193
Migrating from Znet 2.5 to Xbee ZB
194
Command Set
195
New Features
195
4
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Digi XBEE2 Specifications
General
Brand
Digi
Model
XBEE2
Category
Control Unit
Language
English
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