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DR2400
Hach DR2400 User Manual
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5940022T
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Page 2 of 2
Hach Company T
rademarks
AccuGrow
®
AccuV
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AccuV
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AccuVial™
Add-A-T
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AgriT
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AP
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AquaChek™
AquaT
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BariV
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C.
Moore Green™
CA 610™
CalV
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ChromaV
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®
ColorQuik
®
CoolT
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CuV
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CyaniV
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Digesdahl
®
DithiV
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Dr
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Dr
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DR/Check™
EC 310™
F
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F
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F
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®
FilterT
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F
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mula 2533™
F
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mula 2589™
Gelex
®
H2O University™
H2OU™
Hach Logo
®
Hach One
®
Hach Oval
®
Hach.com™
HachLink™
Hawk
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The Hach Guy™
HexaV
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®
HgEx™
HydraV
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ICE-PIC™
IncuT
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Just
Add W
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LeadT
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®
M-ColiBlue24
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ManV
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®
MolyV
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®
Mug-O-Meter
®
NetSketc
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NitraV
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NitriV
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NT
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OASIS™
On Site Analysis.
Results Y
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SM
OptiQuant
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OriFlow™
OxyV
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P
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PbEx
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Pe
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PhosV
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P
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P
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P
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P
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P
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PrepT
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ProNetic™
Pump Colorimeter™
QuanT
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®
Rapid Liquid™
RapidSilver™
Ratio™
RoV
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sension™
Simply Accurate
SM
SINGLET™
SofChek™
SoilSYS™
SP 510™
Spec
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®
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SteriChe
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StillV
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Surf
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1
3
Table of Contents
Hach Company Trademarks
2
Table of Contents
3
Section 1 Introduction
13
Abbreviations Used in this Manual
13
Conversions
14
Chemical Species
14
Hardness
14
Hardness Conversion Factors
14
Temperature
15
Mixing
15
Digestion
15
Section 2 Laboratory Practices
15
EPA Mild Digestion with Hot Plate for Metals Analysis Only
16
EPA Vigorous Digestion with Hot Plate for Metals Analysis Only
16
Distillation
17
General Digesdahl Digestion (Not USEPA Accepted)
17
Vigorous Digestion Volumes
17
General Purpose Distillation Apparatus
18
To Filter Using a Vacuum
18
Vacuum Filtration
18
Gravity Filtration
19
Required Apparatus for Vacuum Filtration
19
To Filter Using Gravity
19
Reagent and Standard Stability
20
Reagent Blank
20
Required Apparatus for Gravity Filtration
20
Sample Dilution
21
Sample Dilution Volumes
21
Sample Dilution with Interfering Substances
22
To Use Accuvac Ampuls
22
Accuvac ® Ampuls
22
Care of Sample Cells
23
Opening Permachem Pillows
23
Orientation of Sample Cells
23
Using Accuvac Ampuls
23
Permachem ® Pillows
23
Cleaning of Sample Cells
24
Matching of Sample Cells
24
Other Apparatus
24
Boiling Aids
24
Achieving Accuracy in Volume Measurement
25
Pipets and Graduated Cylinders
25
Reading the Meniscus
25
The Pour-Thru Cell
25
Hach Chemistries that Cannot be Used with the Pour-Thru Cell
26
Hach Chemistries that Require Extra Rinsing with the Pour-Thru Cell
26
Sample Collection, Preservation, and Storage
27
Collecting Water Samples
27
From a Tap
27
Section 3 Chemical Analysis
27
Sample Splits
28
Storage and Preservation
28
Correcting for Volume Additions
29
Required Containers, Preservation Techniques and Holding Times
29
Checking for Accuracy and Precision
31
Precision and Accuracy Illustrated
31
Standard Solutions
31
Explanation of the Standard Additions Decision Tree
32
Standard Additions
32
Standard Additions Decision Tree
33
Check the Reagent Performance
34
If Interferences Are Present
34
Multiple Standard Additions
35
Multiple Standard Additions — C and D
36
Troubleshooting a Test When Results Are in Doubt
37
Calculating Percent Recovery
39
USEPA Calculation
39
Adjusting the Standard Curve
40
Interferences
41
Ph Interference
41
Method Performance
42
Estimated Detection Limit (EDL)
42
Method Detection Limit (MDL)
42
Estimating Precision
44
Sensitivity
44
%T Versus Concentration Calibration
45
Preparing a Calibration Curve
45
Calibration Table
46
Semilogarithmic Calibration Curve
46
Adapting Procedures to Other Spectrophotometers
47
Absorbance Versus Concentration Calibration
47
Selecting the Best Wavelength
47
General Steps to Select the Best Wavelength on a Spectrophotometer
47
Adapting a Buret Titration for Use with a Digital Titrator
49
When Using the Digital Titrator for Your Buret Method
50
Comparison of International Drinking Water Guidelines
52
Definitions of USEPA Approved and Accepted
53
USEPA Approved
53
USEPA Accepted
54
Hazardous Waste
55
Regulatory Overview
55
Waste Minimization
55
Section 4 Waste Management and Safety
55
Definition
55
Sample Codes
56
How to Determine if Waste Is Hazardous
56
Disposal
57
Management of Specific Wastes
58
Special Considerations for Cyanide-Containing Materials
58
Resources
58
Safety
59
Read Labels Carefully
59
Protective Equipment
59
First Aid Equipment and Supplies
60
General Safety Rules
60
Material Safety Data Sheets
60
How to Obtain an MSDS
60
Sections of an MSDS
61
Product Identification
61
Physical Data
61
Fire, Explosion Hazard and Reactivity Data
61
OSHA Chemical Hygiene Plan
62
Precautionary Measures
62
First Aid
62
Spill and Disposal Procedures
62
Section 5 Procedures Explained
63
Tips and Techniques
65
Alachlor
65
Immunoassay Method
65
Immunoassay Procedure for Water
66
Color Development
67
Measuring the Color
68
Using the 1-CM Microcuvette Rack
69
The 1-CM Microcuvette Rack
69
Interpreting and Reporting Results
69
Loading the Rack
69
Storing and Handling Reagents
70
Interpretation
70
Sample Collection and Storage
70
Diluting Water Samples
71
Summary of Method
71
Alachlor
72
Aluminum Method 8326 Eriochrome Cyanine R Method
73
Aluminum
73
Powder Pillows
73
(0.008 to 0.800 Mg/L)
73
Powder Pillows (0.002 to 0.250 Mg/L al 3+ )
73
Sample Collection, Storage and Preservation
76
Fluoride Interference Graph
76
Accuracy Check
76
Standard Additions Method (Sample Spike)
76
Standard Solution Method
77
Required Reagents
78
Aluminum
79
Chromazurol S Method
85
Unicell Vials
85
Arsenic
89
(0 to 0.200 Mg/L As)
89
Atrazine
95
Powder Pillows or Accuvac
103
Barium
103
(1 to 100 Mg/L)
103
Powder Pillows
109
Benzotriazole or Tolyltriazole
109
Benzotriazole (1 to 16 Mg/L) Tolyltriazole (1 to 20 Mg/L)
109
UV Lamp Check
112
Boron
113
(0.2 to 14.0 Mg/L)
113
Powder Pillows
113
LR (0.02 to 1.50 Mg/L as B)
117
Cell Matching Procedure
119
Interfering Substances and Suggested Treatments
120
Sample Collection, Preservation and Storage
120
Boron Method 10061 Azomethine-H Method
123
Bromine
123
(0.05 to 4.50 Mg/L)
123
Cadmium
127
Cadion Method
127
Unicell™ Vials
127
(0.02 to 0.30 Mg/L CD)
127
Chloramine (Mono)
131
HR (0.1 to 10.0 Mg/L Cl 2 )
131
Chloramine (Mono)
137
LR (0.04-4.50 Mg/L Cl 2 )
137
Chloride
143
Chlorine Dioxide
147
HR (5 to 1000 Mg/L)
147
Chlorine Dioxide
151
(0.04 to 5.00 Mg/L)
151
Chlorine, Free
181
Chlorine, Total
185
Chromium, Hexavalent
223
Unicell™ Vials
229
Chromium, Total
233
Copper
249
Cyanide
265
Cyanuric Acid
277
Fluoride
281
Formaldehyde
291
Hardness, Total
307
Treating Analysis Labware
310
Sampling and Storage
310
Hydrazine
313
Iodine
317
Iron
325
Pour-Thru Cell
329
Iron, Ferrous
333
Iron, Total
337
Lead
353
Manganese
365
Method 8034
365
Powder Pillows
365
Manganese
369
Method 8149
369
Powder Pillows
369
Mercury
373
Method 10065
373
Metolachlor
385
Immunoassay Method
385
Molybdenum, Molybdate
393
Powder Pillows or Accuvac
393
Molybdenum, Molybdate
399
Powder Pillows
399
Nickel
405
Method 8037
405
Powder Pillows
405
Nickel
411
Method 8150
411
Powder Pillows
411
Nickel
417
Dimethylglyoxime Method
417
Unicell™ Vials
417
Nitrate
421
Method 8039
421
Powder Pillows or Accuvac
421
Nitrate
427
Method 8171
427
Powder Pillows or Accuvac
427
Nitrate
433
Method 8192
433
Powder Pillows
433
Nitrate
439
Method 10020
439
Test 'N Tube™ Vials
439
Nitrate
443
Dimethylphenol
443
Unicell™ Vials
443
Nitrite
447
Method 8507
447
Powder Pillows or Accuvac
447
Nitrite
453
Method 8153
453
Powder Pillows
453
Nitrite
457
Method 10019
457
Test 'N Tube™ Vials
457
Diazotization Method
457
Unicell™ Vials
461
Nitrogen, Ammonia
465
Nessler Method
465
HR (0.2 to 20.0 Mg/L)
475
LR (0.007 to 0.700 Mg/L)
481
Nitrogen, Ammonium
487
Nitrogen, Total
495
Nitrogen, Total Inorganic
515
Organic Carbon, Total
527
Oxygen Demand, Chemical
545
Oxygen, Dissolved
563
HR (0.3 to 40.0 Mg/L)
563
LR (0.02 to 3.00 Mg/L)
567
Oxygen Scavengers
573
Ozone
577
HR (2 to 250 Mg/L no 2 - )
577
PCB (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
581
Phenols
591
Phosphonates
597
Phosphorus, Acid Hydrolyzable
603
Phosphorus, Acid Hydrolyzable Digestion
609
Phosphorus, Reactive
613
Phosphorus, Reactive (Orthophosphate)
619
Phosphorus, Total
665
Potassium
689
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
695
Selenium
699
Silica
707
Sulfate
733
Sulfide
747
Surfactants, Anionic
755
Suspended Solids
759
Toxicity
765
Inoculum Development Using Aqua QC-Stiks
766
Interpreting Results
769
Disposal of Test Cultures
769
TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons)
771
Using the Wiretrol Pipet
777
Zinc
789
Lead PA R M E T H O D
229
Nitrite Diazotization Method
461
5
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Hach DR2400 Specifications
General
Brand
Hach
Model
DR2400
Category
Measuring Instruments
Language
English
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