ENGINE AND ENGINE SYSTEMS 5540F/YB5515 SERVICE MANUAL
6-2 Published 10-21-2010, Control# 198-04
Arctic Operation
NOTE: SAE 5W viscosity grade synthetic oil may be used
when operating the engine in ambient
temperatures below -10° F (-23° C) provided it
meets the minimum viscosity at 212° F (100° C).
When there is no provision to keep the engine warm when
operating in ambient temperatures consistently below -10° F
(-23° C), use a lubricating oil that meets the following
requirements:
ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM
The engine cooling system consists of the coolant passages
in the engine, a thermostat, water pump, hoses and radiator.
The engine is cooled by the circulation of coolant through the
passages in the engine block and head. Circulation is by a
thermo-siphon action assisted by a water pump driven by a
belt from the crankshaft pulley.
The water pump bearings are packed with a special grease
during assembly and do not require attention in
maintenance.
Coolant Requirements
The quality of coolant will determine the efficiency and life of
the cooling system.
1. Check the antifreeze concentration several weeks
before the beginning of the cold season or hot season.
The antifreeze must have an ethylene glycol
(ethanediol) base. Use a low silicone antifreeze that
conforms to one of the standards below, or which
contains no more than 0.1% anhydrous alkali
metasilicate.
U.S.A. - Engineering Standard GM6038-M.
U.K. - BS3151: 1959: Ethandiol antifreeze type B with
sodium nitrate inhibitors.
Australia - AS 2108-1977: Antifreeze compounds and
corrosive inhibitors for engine cooling systems.
2. There is an advantage to using antifreeze even when
frost protection is not necessary. Antifreeze protects
against corrosion and also raises the boiling point of the
coolant. A 50% concentration of antifreeze is preferred,
but if this much protection is not preferred, a 33%
concentration can be used. Never use more than a 65%
concentration under any conditions. Where frost
protection will never be required, use a non-chromate
corrosion inhibitor and clean soft water. Change the
water/corrosion inhibitor every 12 months, or 500 hours,
or to manufacturer’s recommendation.
Do not use hard water in the cooling system. Hard
water, or water with high levels of calcium and
magnesium ions, encourages silica gel formations,
especially after a number of heating and cooling cycles.
These gel formations can result in loss of cooling or
heating in radiators and cab heater cores by coating and
plugging the tubes. The formations usually deposit in the
cooler sections of the cooling system, such as the
radiator bottom tank.
Use soft water, distilled water or deionized water to
reduce the potential and severity of silicate dropouts.
NOTE: If you use water without a corrosion inhibitor, rust
will form and plug the small holes in the head
gasket. These holes are orifices and their size is
critical. Do not enlarge the size of the orifices. To do
so will disturb the coolant flow and will not solve
any overheating problem. If you use water without
a corrosion inhibitor for even a short period, the cup
plugs will rust through, allowing coolant leakage.
FIGURE 6-1
Oil Viscosity Recommendations - Diesel Engine
a0103
Table 6-1: Arctic Oil Recommendations
Parameter
(Test Method)
Specification
Performance
API Classification CC -Naturally
Aspirated API Classification
CC/CD - Turbocharged
Viscosity Maximum
10,000 mPa°s at -31° F (-35° C)
0.16 inch (3.1 mm) Squared
Minimum at 212° F (100° C)
Pour Point (ASTM D-
97)
Maximum of 41° F (5°C) Below
the Lowest Expected Ambient
Temperature
Sulfated Ash Content
Maximum of 1.85% by weight
(ASTM D-874)
Reference Only
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