11-4
As altitude increases, the boiling point falls.
Atmospheric
pressure/altitude
101.3 kPa
0 m
90 kPa
1000 m(≈3280
ft)
80 kPa
2000 m(≈ 6560
ft)
70 kPa
3000 m(≈9840 ft)
Isoflurane
Sevoflurane
Enflurane
Halothane
48.5℃
58.6℃
56.5℃
50.2℃
45.4℃
53.4℃
53.4℃
46.8℃
*42.2℃
52.1℃
50.3℃
*43.4℃
*38.9℃
48.7℃
46.8℃
*39.8℃
* Note: Isoflurane and halothane cannot be used under these conditions.
Differences in temperature between the vaporizer and the atmosphere within the temperature range are
compensated automatically so that the output concentrations are within the specified concentration
accuracy. If the temperature of the vaporizer before use is outside 10 to 40℃, a time of 15 min/℃ has
to be allowed for temperature adjustment so that the concentration remains within the accuracy
specified.
When the vaporizer is being operated with a high gas flow or a high concentration, the anesthetic agent
inside will cool down gradually which results in drop in the output concentration (see 11.8 Influence
of Running Time).
The diagrams show typical temperature dependence when operating with a 2 L/min flow of Air. If
temperature is not within this range, the deviations are shown as following figures, despite continuing
compensation:
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