OPERATION
through the work, over-heating the electrode or producing a rough spattered surface.The table shows
current ranges generally recommended for a general purpose type 6013 electrode.
Arc Length
To strike the arc, the electrode should be gently scraped on the work until the arc is established. There
is a simple rule for the proper arc length; it should be the shortest arc that gives a good surface to the
weld. An arc too long reduces penetration, produces spatter and gives a rough surface finish to the
weld. An excessively short arc will cause sticking of the electrode and result in poor quality welds.
General rule of thumb for down hand welding is to have an arc length no greater than the diameter of
the core wire.
Electrode Angle
The angle that the electrode makes with the work is important to ensure a smooth, even transfer of
metal. When welding in down hand, fillet, horizontal or overhead the angle of the electrode is
generally between 5and 15 degrees towards the direction of travel. When vertical up welding the
angle of the electrode should be between 80 and 90 degrees to the work piece.
Travel Speed
The electrode should be moved along in the direction of the joint being welded at a speed that will
give the size of run required. At the same time, the electrode is fed downwards to keep the correct arc
length at all times. Excessive travel speeds lead to poor fusion, lack of penetration etc, while too slow
a rate of travel will frequently lead to arc instability,slag inclusions and poor mechanical properties.
Material and Joint Preparation
The material to be welded should be clean and free of any moisture, paint, oil, grease, mill scale, rust
or any other material that will hinder the arc and contaminate the weld material. Joint preparation will
depend on the method used include sawing, punching, shearing, machining, flame cutting and others.
In all casesedges should be clean and free of any contaminates. The type of joint will be determined
by the chosen application.
To Next Page
