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balance the relative levels of the left and right channels of a stereo signal.
balanced a method of audio connection which ‘balances’ the wanted signal between two wires and a screen which
carries no signal. Any interference is picked up equally by the two wires, which results in cancellation of the
unwanted signal. In this guide, the term can refer to various circuit architectures. Connection details are given
in relevant sections.
bus a pair of stereo channels, on which signals are mixed together and travel to designated destination.
clipping the onset of severe distortion in the signal path, usually caused by the peak signal voltage being limited by the
circuit’s power supply voltage.
DAT Digital Audio Tape, a cassette-based digital recording format.
dB (decibel) a ratio of two voltages or signal levels, expressed by the equation dB=20Log10 (V1/V2). Adding the suffix ‘u’
denotes the ratio is relative to 0.775V RMS.
DI(direct injection)/DI Box the practice of connecting an electric musical instrument directly to the input of the mixing console, rather than
to an amplifier and loudspeaker which is covered by a microphone feeding the console.
equaliser a device that allows the boosting or cutting of selected bands of frequencies in the signal path.
fader a linear control providing level adjustment.
feedback the `howling’ sound caused by bringing a microphone too close to a loudspeaker driven from its amplified
signal.
foldback a feed sent back to the artistes via loudspeakers or headphones to enable them to monitor the sounds they are
producing.
frequency response the variation in gain of a device with frequency.
gain the amount of amplication in level of the signal.
headroom the available signal range above the nominal level before clipping occurs.
impedance balancing a technique used on unbalanced outputs to minimise the effect of hum and interference when connecting to
external balanced inputs.
insert a break point in the signal path to allow the connection of external devices, for instance signal processors or
other mixers at line level signals. Nominal levels can be anywhere between
-0dBu to +6dBu, usually coming from a low impedance source.
pan (pot) abbreviation of ‘panorama’: controls levels sent to left and right outputs.
peaking the point at which a signal rises to its maximum instantaneous level, before falling back down again. It can
also describe an equaliser response curve affecting only a band of frequencies, (like on a graphic equaliser),
“peaking” at the centre of that band
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