SunFounder 3in1 Kit
1. In this circuit, we use the 5V pin of the board to power the LED. Use a male-to-male (M2M) jumper wire to
connect it to the red power bus.
2. To protect the LED, the current must pass through a 220 ohm resistor. Connect one end (either end) of the resistor
to the red power bus, and the other end to the free row of the breadboard.
Note: The color ring of the 220 ohm resistor is red, red, black, black and brown.
3. If you pick up the LED, you will see that one of its leads is longer than the other. Connect the longer lead to the
same row as the resistor, and the shorter lead to the other row.
Note: The longer lead is the anode, which represents the positive side of the circuit; the shorter lead
is the cathode, which represents the negative side.
The anode needs to be connected to the GPIO pin through a resistor; the cathode needs to be connected
to the GND pin.
4. Using a male-to-male (M2M) jumper wire, connect the LED short pin to the breadboard’s negative power bus.
5. Connect the GND pin of board to the negative power bus using a jumper.
Beware of short circuits
Short circuits can occur when two components that shouldn’t be connected are “accidentally” connected. This kit
includes resistors, transistors, capacitors, LEDs, etc. that have long metal pins that can bump into each other and cause
a short. Some circuits are simply prevented from functioning properly when a short occurs. Occasionally, a short circuit
can damage components permanently, especially between the power supply and the ground bus, causing the circuit to
get very hot, melting the plastic on the breadboard and even burning the components!
Therefore, always make sure that the pins of all the electronics on the breadboard are not touching each other.
Direction of the circuit
There is an orientation to circuits, and the orientation plays a significant role in certain electronic components. There
are some devices with polarity, which means they must be connected correctly based on their positive and negative
poles. Circuits built with the wrong orientation will not function properly.
2.3. How to build an Arduino Project 79
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