Vertiv | Liebert® GXT5™ | Installer/User Guide 13
1.6. Major Internal Components and Operating Principle
Figure 1-12 below, shows the UPS operating principle. Table 1-2 on the next page, describes the function of the
major components in the UPS.
NOTE: Figure 1-12 below, is one example of basic operation. The actual I/O connections for the various models
may be divided into dierent types. See Hardwired Input/Output Connections on page 25.
Figure 1-12 Basic Operating Principle Diagram
Table 1-2 Major Components
ITEM COMPONENT OPERATION/FUNCTION
1
Transient Voltage Surge
Suppression (TVSS)
and EMI/RFI Filters
Provide surge protection. Filter electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI). Minimize
surges or interference present in the utility power and protect devices connected on the same branch as the UPS.
2 Battery Charger Continuously oat-charges the batteries from precisely-regulated utility power whenever the UPS is plugged in.
3 Batteries
Valve-regulated, non-spillable, lead-acid batteries.
NOTE: To maintain battery design life, operate the UPS in an ambient temperature of 59 °F to 77 °F (15 °C to 25 °C).
4 DC-to-DC Converter
Raises the DC voltage from the battery to the optimum operating voltage for the inverter. This allows the inverter to
operate continuously at its optimum eiciency and voltage, thus increasing reliability.
5
Rectier/Power Factor
Correction (PFC) Circuit
In normal operation, converts utility AC power to regulated DC power for use by the inverter while ensuring that
the wave shape of the input current used by the UPS is near ideal. Extracting this sine-wave input current ensures
eicient use of utility power and reduces reected harmonic distortion making cleaner power available to devices
that are not protected by the UPS.
6 Inverter
In normal operation, inverts the DC output of the PFC circuit into precise, regulated sine-wave AC power. When utility
power fails, the inverter receives DC power from the DC-to-DC converter. In either operating mode, the UPS inverter
remains on-line, generating clean, precise, regulated AC-output power.
7 Internal Bypass
In the unlikely event of UPS failure such as overload or over-temperature, automatically transfers the connected
load to bypass.
To manually transfer the connected load from inverter to bypass, see Transferring from Normal to Bypass Mode on
page 40.
8 Outlet group Output receptacles.
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