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Agilent 34401A/11A High Performance Digital Multimeter
User’s Guide
Agilent Technologies
4
Measurement Tutorial
The Agilent 34410A and 34411A multimeters are capable of
making highly accurate measurements. In order to achieve
the greatest accuracy, you must take the necessary steps to
eliminate potential measurement errors. This chapter
describes common errors found in measurements and gives
suggestions to help you avoid these errors.
DC Measurement Considerations 99
Thermal EMF Errors 99
Loading Errors (dc volts) 99
Noise Rejection 100
Rejecting Power–Line Noise Voltages 100
Common Mode Rejection (CMR) 100
Noise Caused by Magnetic Loops 101
Noise Caused by Ground Loops 101
Resistance Measurement Considerations 102
4–Wire Ohms Measurements 102
Removing Test Lead Resistance Errors 103
Minimizing Power Dissipation Effects 103
Errors in High Resistance Measurements 103
True RMS AC Measurements 104
True RMS Accuracy and High–Frequency Signal Content 105
Estimating High–Frequency (Out–of–Band) Error 107
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