Operation P54x/EN OP/La4
MiCOM P543, P544, P545 & P546
(OP) 5-1
OP
CONTENTS
(OP) 5-
1. OPERATION OF INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION FUNCTIONS 13
1.1 Phase differential characteristics 13
1.1.1 Time alignment of current vectors 15
1.1.1.1 Time alignment of current vectors without GPS input (traditional technique) 15
1.1.1.2 Time alignment of current vectors with GPS input (all models) 16
1.1.2 Capacitive charging current (all models) 19
1.1.3 CT ratio correction (all models) 20
1.1.4 Protection of transformer feeders (P543 and P545) 20
1.1.4.1 Transformer magnetizing inrush and high set differential setting (P543/P545) 20
1.1.4.2 Phase correction and zero sequence current filtering 22
1.1.5 3 to 2 terminal reconfiguration 23
1.1.6 Mesh corner and 1½ breaker switched substations 24
1.1.7 Stub bus protection 25
1.1.8 The minimum operating current 25
1.2 Disabling/enabling differential protection 26
1.3 Differential relay compatibility with previous versions 26
1.4 Differential relay without voltage connections 26
1.5 Line parameters settings 26
1.5.1 Phase rotation (phase sequence) 26
1.5.2 Tripping mode - selection of single or three phase tripping 27
1.5.3 Pole dead logic 27
1.5.4 Residual compensation for earth/ground faults 29
1.5.5 Mutual compensation for parallel lines 29
1.6 Optional distance protection 30
1.7 Phase fault distance protection (Distance option only) 30
1.8 Earth fault distance protection (Distance option only) 31
1.9 Distance protection tripping decision (Distance option only) 31
1.10 Phase selection (Distance option only) 32
1.10.1 Theory of operation 33
1.11 Mho element polarization and expansion (Distance option only) 34
1.11.1 Switch on to fault action for zone 1 (Distance option only) 35
1.11.2 Offset Mho (Distance option only) 36
1.12 Quadrilateral elements (Distance option only) 36
1.12.1 Directional quadrilateral (Distance option only) 36
1.12.2 Offset quadrilateral (Distance option only) 37
1.12.3 Reactance line - top line of quadrilateral (Distance option only) 37
1.12.4 Right hand resistive reach line (Distance option only) 39
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