P54x/EN AP/La4 Application Notes
(AP) 6-6
MiCOM P543, P544, P545 & P546
AP
6.7.10 Calculation of total impedance till Zone1 reach point 86
6.7.11 Calculation of X/R till Zone1 reach point 86
6.7.12 Calculation of fault current till Zone1 reach point 86
6.7.13 CT Vk for Current differential protection 87
6.7.14 CT Vk for distance Zone1 reach point 87
6.7.15 CT Vk for distance Zone1 close-up fault 87
6.7.16 CT Vk for distance time delayed zones 87
6.7.17 Vk to be considered 87
7. HIGH BREAK OUTPUT CONTACTS 88
8. AUXILIARY SUPPLY FUSE RATING 88
FIGURES
Figure 1
Breaker and a half switched substation 13
Figure 2
Settings required to apply a Mho zone (Distance option only) 15
Figure 3
Settings required to apply a quadrilateral zone (Distance option only) 16
Figure 4
Example of high resistive zone 1 fault that falls outside zone 1 characteristic when the starting
tilt angle of -3° is set (over-tilting effect). (Distance option only) 18
Figure 5
Basic time stepped distance scheme (Distance option only) 23
Figure 6
Power transfer in relation to angle difference θ between 2 ends 25
Figure 7
Setting determination for the positive sequence resistive component R5 (Distance option only)27
Figure 8
R6
MAX
determination (Distance option only) 28
Figure 9
Example of timer reset due to MOV’s operation 31
Figure 10
Positioning of core balance current transformers 39
Figure 11
Calculated ferranti voltage rise on 345 kV and 765 kV lines 41
Figure 12
Residual voltage, solidly earthed system 42
Figure 13
Residual voltage, resistance earthed system 43
Figure 14
Typical plain feeder circuit 49
Figure 15
Typical transformer feeder circuit 50
Figure 16
Typical teed feeder application 51
Figure 17
Three winding transformer in zone application 53
Figure 18
System assumed for worked example 55
Figure 19
Teed feeder application - apparent impedances seen by RELAY 60
Figure 20
Teed feeder applications 61
Figure 21
TCS scheme 1 63
Figure 22
PSL for TCS schemes 1 and 3 64
Figure 23
TCS scheme 2 64
Figure 24
PSL for TCS scheme 2 65
Figure 25
TCS scheme 3 65
Figure 26
InterMiCOM
64
mapping in a three ended application 67
Figure 27
Two circuit breaker auto-reclose application 77
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