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Table of Contents

Default Chapter2
- Table of Contents2
Cisco Switching Black Book17
Introduction20
- Overview20
- Is this Book for You20
- How to Use this Book20
- The Black Book Philosophy21
Chapter 1: Network Switching Fundamentals22
- In Depth22
- Physical Media and Switching Types22
- A Bit of History23
  - Networking Architectures23
- The Pieces of Technology25
- Network Design30
- Switched Ethernet Innovations39
- The Cisco IOS40
  - Connecting to the Switch41
  - Powering up the Switch41
- The Challenges43
- Today's Trend43
- Entering and Exiting Privileged EXEC Mode44
- Entering and Exiting Global Configuration Mode44
- Entering and Exiting Interface Configuration Mode44
- Entering and Exiting Subinterface Configuration Mode44
- Saving Configuration Changes45
Chapter 2: Basic Switch Configuration46
- In Depth46
- Command−Line Interfaces46
- Campus Hierarchical Switching Model47
- Remote Network Monitoring49
- Connecting to the Console Port50
- Switch Ioss54
  - The IOS Configuration Modes54
- Limiting Telnet Access55
- Implementing Privilege Levels55
- Configuring an Ios−Based CLI Switch55
- Configuring a Set/Clear−Based CLI Switch58
- Configuring a Menu−Driven IOS63
- Configuring ROM66
- Using Set/Clear Command Set Recall Key Sequences68
- Using Ios−Based Command Editing Keys and Functions68
Chapter 3: WAN Switching70
- In Depth70
- WAN Transmission Media71
  - Synchronous Transport Signal (STS)72
- Cisco WAN Switches73
- WAN Switch Hardware Overview75
- Cisco WAN Switch Network Topologies76
- Network Management77
  - The CLI77
  - WAN Manager77
- Accessing and Setting up IGX and BPX Switches78
- Accessing the MGX 8850 and 822081
Chapter 4: LAN Switch Architectures84
- In Depth84
- The Catalyst Crescendo Architecture84
  - Bus84
  - Asics85
  - The Crescendo Processors87
  - Crescendo Logic Units87
- Other Cisco Switch Processors, Buses, Asics, and Logic Units88
  - Cam88
  - AXIS Bus88
  - Cef Asic89
  - Phoenix ASIC91
  - Lcp91
  - Sage Asic91
  - Qtp Asic91
  - Qmac92
- Bridging Types92
  - Source Route Bridging92
  - Source Route Transparent Bridging93
  - Source Route Translational Bridging93
  - Transparent Bridging93
  - Source Route Switching93
- Switching Paths94
  - Process Switching94
  - Fast Switching94
  - Autonomous Switching95
  - Silicon Switching95
  - Optimum Switching95
  - Distributed Switching95
  - Netflow Switching95
- System Message Logging96
- Loading an Image on the Supervisor Engine III96
- Booting the Supervisor Engine III from Flash97
- Setting the Boot Configuration Register97
- Configuring Cisco Express Forwarding97
  - Enabling CEF97
  - Disabling CEF97
  - Enabling Dcef98
  - Disabling Dcef98
  - Disabling CEF on an Individual Interface98
  - Configuring CEF Load Balancing98
  - Disabling CEF Load Balancing98
  - Enabling Network Accounting for CEF98
  - Setting Network Accounting for CEF to Collect Packet Numbers98
  - Viewing Network Accounting for CEF Statistics98
  - Viewing CEF Packet−Dropped Statistics99
  - Viewing Non−Cef Path Packets99
- Disabling Per−Destination Load Sharing99
- Viewing the Adjacency Table on the 8500 GSR99
- Clearing the Adjacency Table on the 8500 GSR99
- Enabling Console Session Logging on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS99
- Enabling Telnet Session Logging on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS100
- Disabling Console Session Logging on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS100
- Disabling Telnet Session Logging on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS100
- Setting the System Message Severity Levels on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS100
- Enabling the Logging Time Stamp on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch100
- Disabling the Logging Time Stamp on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch101
- Configuring the Logging Buffer Size on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch101
- Clearing the Server Logging Table101
- Disabling Server Logging101
- Displaying the Logging Configuration102
- Displaying System Logging Messages102
Chapter 5: Virtual Local Area Networks104
- In Depth104
- The Flat Network of Yesterday104
- Why Use Vlans105
  - VLAN Basics106
  - A Properly Switched Network106
  - Switched Internetwork Security107
- Scaling with Vlans108
  - VLAN Boundaries108
  - VLAN Membership Types109
  - Traffic Patterns Flowing through the Network109
  - Cisco's VLAN Recommendations109
- VLAN Trunking110
  - Trunk Types110
  - LAN Emulation (LANE)113
- VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)113
  - VTP Versions114
  - VTP Advertisements114
  - VTP Switch Modes116
  - Client Mode116
  - Methods for VLAN Identification117
  - Dynamic Trunking Protocol117
- Intervlan Routing117
  - Internal Route Processors118
  - How Intervlan Routing Works118
- Configuring a Static VLAN on a Catalyst 5000 Series Switch119
- Configuring Multiple Vlans on a Catalyst 5000 Series Switch119
- Creating Vlans on a Catalyst 1900EN Series119
- Assigning a Static VLAN to an Interface on a 1900EN Series120
- Viewing the VLAN Configuration on a 1900 Series121
- Viewing an Individual VLAN Configuration on a 1900 Series121
- Configuring a Trunk Port on a Cisco 5000 Series121
- Mapping Vlans to a Trunk Port123
- Configuring a Trunk Port on a Cisco 1900EN Series123
- Clearing Vlans from Trunk Links on a Cisco 5000 Series123
- Clearing Vlans from Trunk Links on a Cisco 1900EN Series123
- Verifying a Trunk Link Configuration on a 5000 Series124
- Verifying a Trunk Link Configuration on a 1900EN Series124
- Configuring the VTP Version on a Catalyst 5000 Switch124
- Configuring a VTP Domain on a Catalyst 1900 Switch125
- Setting a VTP Domain Password on a Catalyst Switch125
- Configuring a Catalyst 1900 Switch as a VTP Server125
- Configuring a Catalyst 1900 Switch as a VTP Client125
- Configuring a Catalyst 1900 Switch for Transparent Mode125
- Configuring VTP Pruning on a Catalyst 1900 Switch126
- Configuring VTP on a Set/Clear CLI Switch126
- Configuring VTP on a 1900 Cisco IOS CLI Switch126
- Verifying the VTP Configuration on a Set/Clear CLI127
- Displaying VTP Statistics127
- Configuring VTP Pruning on a Set/Clear CLI Switch128
- Disabling Pruning for Unwanted Vlans128
- Configuring IP Intervlan Routing on an External Cisco Router128
- Configuring IPX Intervlan Routing on an External Router129
Chapter 6: Intervlan and Basic Module Configuration130
- In Depth130
- Internal Route Processors130
  - Available Route Processors132
  - Routing Protocol Assignment136
- Supervisor Engine Modules136
  - Supervisor Engines I and II136
  - Supervisor Engine III137
  - Using the Supervisor Engine138
- Etherport Modules138
  - Port Security139
  - Manually Configured MAC Addresses139
- Determining the Slot Number in Which a Module Resides139
- Accessing the Internal Route Processor from the Switch140
- Configuring a Hostname on the RSM140
- Assigning an IP Address and Encapsulation Type to an Ethernet Interface141
- Setting the Port Speed and Port Name on an Ethernet Interface141
- Configuring a Default Gateway on a Catalyst 5000142
- Verifying the IP Configuration on a Catalyst 5000142
- Enabling RIP on an RSM142
- Viewing the Rsm's Running Configuration143
- Configuring Intervlan Routing on an RSM143
- Configuring IPX Intervlan Routing on the RSM144
- Configuring Appletalk Intervlan Routing on an RSM144
- Viewing the RSM Configuration145
- Assigning a MAC Address to a VLAN145
- Viewing the MAC Addresses145
- Configuring Filtering on an Ethernet Interface146
- Configuring Port Security on an Ethernet Module146
- Clearing MAC Addresses147
- Configuring the Catalyst 5000 Supervisor Engine Module147
- Setting the Boot Config−Register on the Supervisor Engine Module148
- Changing the Management VLAN on a Supervisor Engine149
- Viewing the Supervisor Engine Configuration149
- Configuring the Cisco 2621 External Router for ISL Trunking150
- Configuring Redundancy Using HSRP151
Chapter 7: Ip Multicast153
- In Depth153
- IP Multicasting Overview153
  - Broadcast154
  - Unicast154
  - Multicast155
- IP Multicasting Addresses156
  - The Multicast IP Structure156
  - Delivery of Multicast Datagrams158
  - Multicast Distribution Tree158
  - Multicast Forwarding159
  - IGMP Protocols159
- Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)161
  - Igmpv1161
  - Igmpv2162
  - Time to Live163
- Multicast at Layer 2163
  - IGMP Snooping163
  - Cisco Group Management Protocol164
  - Router Group Management Protocol164
  - GARP Multicast Registration Protocol165
- Configuring IP Multicast Routing165
  - Disabling IP Multicast Routing165
  - Enabling PIM on an Interface165
  - Disabling PIM on an Interface165
  - Configuring the Rendezvous Point166
- Adding a Router to a Multicast Group166
  - Configuring a Router to be a Static Multicast Group Member166
  - Restricting Access to a Multicast Group166
- Changing the IGMP Version166
- Changing the IGMP Host−Query Message Interval167
- Configuring Multicast Groups167
- Removing Multicast Groups167
- Configuring Multicast Router Ports167
  - Displaying Multicast Routers167
  - Removing the Multicast Router168
- Configuring IGMP Snooping168
  - Disabling IGMP Snooping168
- Configuring IGMP Fast−Leave Processing168
  - Disabling IGMP Fast−Leave Processing168
- Displaying IGMP Statistics169
- Displaying Multicast Routers Learned from IGMP169
- Displaying IGMP Multicast Groups169
- Configuring CGMP170
  - Disabling CGMP170
  - Enabling CGMP Fast−Leave Processing170
  - Disabling CGMP Fast−Leave Processing170
  - Displaying CGMP Statistics170
- Configuring RGMP on the Switch171
  - Disabling RGMP on the Switch171
- Configuring RGMP on the Router171
  - Disabling RGMP on the Router171
- Displaying RGMP Groups171
- Displaying Rgmp−Capable Router Ports172
- Displaying RGMP VLAN Statistics172
- Configuring GMRP172
  - Disabling GMRP173
  - Enabling GMRP on Individual Ports173
  - Disabling GMRP on Individual Ports173
  - Enabling GMRP Forward−All173
  - Disabling GMRP Forward−All173
  - Configuring GMRP Registration173
  - Displaying the GMRP Configuration174
  - Setting GMRP Timers174
  - Displaying GMRP Timers174
- Configuring Bandwidth−Based Suppression175
- Configuring Packet−Based Suppression175
- Disabling Multicast Suppression175
Chapter 8: WAN Cell Switching176
- In Depth176
- ATM Overview176
- Local Area Network Emulation (LANE)183
- Monitoring and Maintaining LANE194
- Accessing the ATM LANE Module194
- Displaying the Selector Field194
- Configuring the LES/BUS195
  - Verifying the LES/BUS Configuration195
- Configuring a LEC for an ELAN195
Chapter 9: Lightstream Switches199
- In Depth199
- Lightstream 100199
- Lightstream 1010200
- Lightstream 2020201
  - Neighborhood Discovery Function202
- Virtual Path Connections202
- Lightstream Troubleshooting Tools203
  - Lightstream Boot Process203
  - Supported Troubleshooting Protocols204
  - Snooping Mechanisms204
  - Multiprotocol over ATM204
- Configuring the Hostname205
- Configuring an Enable Password205
- Configuring the Processor Card Ethernet Interface205
- Configuring Virtual Private Tunnels206
- Verifying an ATM Interface Connection Status206
- Viewing the Configured Virtual Connections207
- Configuring the LECS ATM Address on a Lightstream 1010 Switch207
- Configuring the Advertised LECS Address207
- Viewing the LANE Configuration207
- Viewing the Installed Modules208
- Configuring the MPC209
- Configuring the MPS209
  - Changing the MPS Variables209
  - Monitoring the MPS210
- Enabling ILMI Autoconfiguration210
- Configuring LANE on a Lightstream 1010210
- Powering on the Lightstream 100 ATM Switch211
- Configuring the LS100 Switch211
- Recovering a Lost Password212
Chapter 10: Layer 2 Redundant Links215
- In Depth215
- Layer 2 Switching Overview215
- Frames215
  - Broadcast and Multicast Frames216
  - Unknown Unicasts216
- Layer 2 Network Loops216
  - Danger! Data Loops217
  - Edsger Dijkstra's Graph Theory217
  - STP Root Bridges218
  - Bridge Protocol Data Units219
  - Root Bridge Selection221
  - Spanning Tree Convergence Time223
  - STP Port States224
  - Per−Vlan Spanning Tree225
- Etherchannel225
  - Link Failure226
  - Port Aggregation Protocol226
- Fast Convergence Components of STP227
  - Portfast227
  - Uplinkfast227
  - Backbonefast228
- Enabling STP on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch228
- Enabling STP on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch for All Vlans229
- Disabling STP on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch229
- Disabling STP on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch by VLAN229
- Viewing the STP Configuration on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch229
- Configuring STP on an IOS Command−Based Switch230
- Disabling STP on an IOS Command−Based Switch230
- Viewing the STP Configuration on a Command Line Switch231
- Configuring the STP Root Switch231
- Configuring the STP Secondary Root Switch231
- Setting the Root Bridge for more than One VLAN on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch232
- Assigning a Port Cost to a Port Using the Set/Clear Command−Based IOS232
- Assigning a Port Cost to a Port Using a Cli−Based Switch232
- Verifying the Port Cost Configuration on both a Set/Clear Command− and Cli−Based Interface233
- Configuring the Port Priority on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS233
- Configuring the Port Priority on a Cli−Based IOS233
- Verifying the STP Port Priority on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch234
- Verifying the VLAN Priority Settings234
- Adjusting the Fwddelay Timer on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS234
- Adjusting the Hello Timer on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS234
- Adjusting the Maxage Timer on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS235
- Preparing to Enable Etherchannel235
- Viewing the Port Setting for Etherchannel on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch235
- Creating an Etherchannel on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch236
- Verifying the Etherchannel Configuration237
- Defining an Etherchannel Administrative Group237
- Viewing an Etherchannel Administrative Group237
- Configuring Etherchannel on an Ios−Based Switch238
- Identifying the Template Port238
- Verifying the Etherchannel Configuration on a Command Line Interface IOS238
- Enabling Portfast on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch239
- Disabling Portfast on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch239
- Enabling Portfast on a Cli−Based IOS Switch239
- Disabling Portfast on a Cli−Based IOS Switch240
- Verifying the Portfast Configuration240
- Enabling Uplinkfast on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch240
- Disabling Uplinkfast on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch240
- Verifying the Uplinkfast Configuration241
- Enabling Uplinkfast on a Cisco IOS Command−Based Switch241
- Disabling Uplinkfast on a Cisco IOS Command−Based Switch241
- Viewing the Uplinkfast Configuration on an Ios−Based Switch242
- Viewing Uplinkfast Statistics on an Ios−Based Switch242
- Enabling Backbonefast on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch242
- Disabling Backbonefast on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch242
- Viewing the Backbonefast Configuration242
Chapter 11: Multilayer Switching243
- In Depth243
- How MLS Works243
- MLS Troubleshooting Notes248
- Configuring MLS249
- Configuring an External MLS Route Processor251
- Configuring the MLS Switch Engine253
- Monitoring and Viewing the MLS Configuration256
Chapter 12: Hot Standby Routing Protocol259
- In Depth259
- Routing Problems259
- The Solution261
  - HSRP Message Format263
  - The HSRP States263
- HSRP Configuration264
- HSRP Interface Tracking264
- Opening a Session on an Internal Route Processor265
- Entering Configuration Mode on an RSM265
- Enabling HSRP and Assigning an IP Address to a Standby Group265
- Assigning an HSRP Interface Priority266
- Assigning a Preempt Delay to a Standby Group266
- Removing a Preempt Delay from a Standby Group266
- Setting the HSRP Hello and Hold Timers266
- Removing the HSRP Hello and Hold Timers267
- Configuring a Clear−Text Password for HSRP Authentication267
- Configuring Two RSFC Interfaces as One HSRP Group267
- Enabling Interface Tracking268
- Using the Show Standby Command268
- Using the Debug Command269
Chapter 13: Policy Networking270
- In Depth270
- Access Security Policies270
- Security at the Access Layer277
- Creating a Standard Access List279
- Creating an Extended Access List280
- Applying Access Lists Using Access−Class282
- Applying Access Lists Using Distribute−List282
- Configuring a Telnet Session Time−Out Value283
- Implementing Privilege Levels on a 1900EN283
- Configuring Line Console Time−Out Values283
- Configuring Banner Messages284
- Enabling HTTP Access284
- Enabling Port Security285
- Displaying the MAC Address Table286
Chapter 14: Web Management288
- In Depth288
- Standard and Enterprise Edition CVSM288
- CVSM Client Requirements288
- CVSM Access Levels289
- CVSM Default Home Page289
  - The Switch Image290
- Configuring the Switch with an IP Address and Setting the Default Web Administration Port291
- Connecting to the Web Management Console292
- Configuring the Switch Port Analyzer297
Chapter 15: The Standard Edition IOS299
- In Depth299
- The 1900 and 2820 Series Switches299
- Configuring Network Settings on the 1900 and 2820 Series314
- Configuring Broadcast Storm Control on Switch Ports315
- Configuring SNMP on the 1900 Series316
- Configuring Port Monitoring on the Standard Edition IOS319
- Configuring Vlans on the Standard Edition IOS320
- Configuring Spanning Tree Protocol323
Chapter 16: Switch Troubleshooting325
- In Depth325
- Hardware Troubleshooting325
  - No Power325
  - Post325
  - Indicator Lights326
- Switch Cabling327
  - Cable Problems328
  - Cross−Over Cables328
- Switch Troubleshooting Tools328
  - Ciscoworks for Switched Internetworks328
  - IOS Software Troubleshooting Commands329
- Viewing the Set/Clear IOS Configuration332
- Viewing the Cli−Based IOS Configuration336
- Viewing the Software Version on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS Module337
- Viewing the IOS Version Information on a Cli−Based IOS337
- Using the Show Flash Command on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS337
- Testing the Supervisor Engine Hardware on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch338
- Testing External Module Hardware on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch339
- Viewing the System Configuration on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch339
- Viewing the VTP Domain Configuration on a Set/Clear IOS340
- Viewing the VTP Domain Configuration on a Cli−Based IOS340
- Viewing the VLAN Configuration on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch340
- Viewing the VLAN Configuration on a Cli−Based IOS341
- Viewing the Spanning Tree Configuration on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS341
- Viewing the Spanning Tree Configuration on a Cli−Based IOS342
- Viewing the CAM (MAC Address) Table on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS344
- Viewing the CAM (MAC Address) Table on a Cli−Based IOS344
- Viewing the CDP Neighbors on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS345
- Viewing the CDP Neighbors on a Cli−Based IOS345
- Viewing Individual Port CAM Tables on a Cli−Based IOS346
- Viewing Port Statistics on a Set/Clear IOS346
- Viewing Port Statistics on a Cli−Based IOS348
- Using the Port Configuration on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS349
- Using the Show Port Command on a Cli−Based IOS349
- Using the Show Vlan Command on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS350
- Using the Show Vlan Command on a Cli−Based IOS350
- Using the Show Interface Command on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS351
- Using the Show Interface Command on a Cli−Based IOS351
- Using the Show Log Command on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS352
- Configuring SPAN for Port Monitoring on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS353
- Configuring SPAN for VLAN Monitoring on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS353
- Launching the Diagnostic Console on a Cisco 1900 or 2820 Series Switch353
- Using the Diagnostic Console to Upgrade the Firmware on a Cisco 1900 or 2820 Series Switch354
- Using the Diagnostic Console for Debugging the Firmware and Hardware355
Appendix A: Study Resources357
- Books357
- Cisco Group Study and Users Groups357
- Live Cisco Training/Internet−Based Labs/Study Resources357
- Online Resources358
- Standards Organizations359
- Cisco Job Search Sites360
Appendix B: Basic IOS Cli−To−Set/Clear Commands361
- Overview361
Appendix C: the Cisco Consultant363
- Overview363
- Establishing Credibility363
  - Come off as an Expert364
- Designing a Solution364
  - Estimating the Cost365
  - Presenting the Final Proposal and Creating Expectations365
- Contracting366
- Document, Document, Document366
- The Way to Fail366
- Conclusion368
Appendix D: Cisco 1912EN and Catalyst 5000 Configuration Practice Lab369
- Required Equipment369
- Lab Objectives370
- Possible Solution371
Appendix E: Switch Features375
- Access Layer Switches375
- Distribution Layer Switches380
- Core Layer/Wan Switches383

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