7. TDR Measurement Theory
for the presence of these multiple reflections and provides more accurate impedance values. This
effect is most pronounced when there are multiple large impedance transitions in a cable assembly
and at short and open faults.
Figure 7.11. Layer-peeling scattering diagram relating measured TDR trace (V [t]) to actual
impedance changes (Z[x]) and their associated actual reflection coefficients (Γ[x, t]).
7.14. Smith Charts
The impedance Smith chart is a useful graphical tool for visualizing complex impedances and
scattering parameters as shown by Figure 7.12. The CT100B includes Smith chart functionality
that can be used to simplify transmission line troubleshooting and impedance matching as
described in Section 5.9.
108 CT100B TDR Cable Analyzers Operator’s Manual
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