List of Figures
4.29. The name of the currently selected annotation is displayed in the multifunction indicator 60
4.30. Using the on-screen keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4.31. The save trace default dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
4.32. Loading a trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4.33. A trace that passes the mask test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
4.34. A trace that fails the mask test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
4.35. Envelope Plot with Fill Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
4.36. Envelope Plot with Frequency Density display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
4.37. Envelope Plot with Fill Mode, showing range of impedance values . . . . . . . . . . 70
4.38. Resistive cable loss correction, before . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
4.39. Resistive cable loss correction, after . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
4.40. Web server web page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
4.41. The live control display on the CT100B web page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
5.1. Difference trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
5.2. First derivative trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
5.3. FFT trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
5.4. S
11
return loss plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
5.5. S
11
between cursors bracketing an adapter on the TDR trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
5.6. S
11
between cursors with tightened connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
5.7. S
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between cursors with loosened connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
5.8. Using a phase stable cable to improve S-parameter measurements . . . . . . . . . . . 86
5.9. Normalized trace showing short fault in a 50 ohm cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
5.10. Example layer-peeling trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
5.11. Smith chart representation of open fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
5.12. Smith chart representation of short fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
5.13. Smith chart representation of a 50 ohm resistive load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
5.14. Smith chart of reactive 200 ohm load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
6.1. Options under the Connect to CT Viewer menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
6.2. Manual Connect in the Connect to CT Viewer menu brings up a server menu . . . . 93
7.1. An open cable fault shows an upward step edge at the location of the fault . . . . . 96
7.2. A short cable fault shows a downward step edge at the location of the fault . . . . . 97
7.3. An open cable fault at 824 ft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
7.4. Normal SMA female barrel interconnect measuring 52.1 ohms . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
7.5. Comparison of typical SMA and BNC coaxial cable interconnects . . . . . . . . . . . 98
7.6. Relationship of impedance to reflection coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
7.7. Relationship of return loss to reflection coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
7.8. Relationship of voltage standing wave ratio to reflection coefficient . . . . . . . . . . 102
7.9. Simulated comparison of 90 ps rise time TDR to an 800 ps TDR . . . . . . . . . . . 104
7.10. Comparison of S
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return loss measured by TDR and VNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
7.11. Layer-peeling scattering diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
7.12. Impedance Smith chart relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
xiv CT100B TDR Cable Analyzers Operator’s Manual
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