https://reference.digilentinc.com/reference/programmable-logic/nexys-a7/reference-manual 16/30
(https://reference.digilentinc.com/_detail/reference/programmable-logic/nexys-a7/n4m.png?id=reference%3Aprogrammable-logic%3Anexys-
a7%3Areference-manual) Figure 8.1 Nexys A7 VGA Interface
VGA signal timings are specified, published, copyrighted, and sold by the VESA® organization ( www.vesa.org (http://www.vesa.org)).
The following VGA system timing information is provided as an example of how a VGA monitor might be driven in 640 by 480 mode.
NOTE: For more precise information, or for information on other VGA frequencies, refer to documentation available at the
VESA website.
CRT-based VGA displays use amplitude-modulated moving electron beams (or cathode rays) to display information on a phosphor-coated
screen. LCD () displays use an array of switches that can impose a voltage across a small amount of liquid crystal, thereby changing light
permittivity through the crystal on a pixel-by-pixel basis. Although the following description is limited to CRT displays, LCD () displays have
evolved to use the same signal timings as CRT displays (so the “signals” discussion below pertains to both CRTs and LCDs). Color CRT
displays use three electron beams (one for red, one for blue, and one for green) to energize the phosphor that coats the inner side of the
display end of a cathode ray tube (see Figure 8.1.1).
8.1 VGA System Timing