SEBU8337 45
Maintenance Section
Refill Capacities
(Table 14, contd)
Gums and Resins
(6)
mg/100mL
10 mg per 100 mL
maximum
D381
“ISO”6246
Lubricity corrected
wear scar diameter at
60 °C (140 °F).
(7)
mm
0.52 maximum D6079
“ISO”12156-1
(1)
This specifica
tion includes the requirements for Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULS D). ULS D fuel will have ≤ 15 ppm (0.0015% ) sulfur. Refer to
“ASTM D5453”,
“ASTM D2622”, or “ISO 20846, ISO 20884” test m ethods. This s pecification includes the requiremen ts for Low Sulfur
Diesel (LSD).
LSD fuel will have ≤500 ppm (0.05%) sulfur. Refer to following:“ASTM 5453, AS TM D2622”, “ISO 20846”, and “ISO 20884
test m ethods”
.
(2)
A fuel with a h igher cetane number is recommended in order to operate at a higher altitude or in cold weathe r.
(3)
“Via standards tables, the equivalent API gravity for the m inimum density of 801 kg / m
3
(kilograms per cubic meter) is 45 and for the
maximum density of 876 kg / m
3
is 30” .
(4)
Regional regu
lations, national regulations or international regulations can require a fuel with a spec ific sulfur limit. Consult all applicable
regulations b
efore selecting a fuel for a given engine application. Perkins fuel systems and engine components can ope rate on high sulfur
fuels. Fuel su
lfur levels affect ex haust emissions. High sulfur fuels also increase the potential for c orrosion of internal components.
Fuel s ulfur le
vels abo ve 0.5% may significa ntly shorten the oil change interval. For additional information, refer to t his manual, “Fluid
recommendati
ons (General lubricant Information)”.
(5)
The values of the fuel viscosity are the values as the fuel is delivered to the fuel injection pumps. Fuel s hould also meet the minimum
viscosity requirement and the fuel should m eet the maximum viscosity requirem ents at 40 °C (104 °F) of either the “ASTM D 445” test
method or the “ISO 3104” test m ethod. If a fuel with a low viscosity is us ed, cooling of the fuel may be required to maintain 1.4 c St or
greater viscosity at the fuel injection pump. Fu els with a high v iscosity m ight require fuel heaters in order to lower the viscosity to 4.5
cSt at the fuel injection pump .
(6)
Follow the test conditions and procedures for gas oline (motor).
(7)
The lubricit
y of a fuel is a c oncern with low sulfur and ultra low sulfur fuel. To determ ine the lubricity of the fuel, use the “ISO 12156-1
or ASTM D6079
High F requency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR )” test. If the lubricity of a fuel does not meet the minimum requirements,
consult your
fuel supplier. Do not treat the fuel w ithout consulting the fuel supplier. So me additives are not c ompatible. These additives
can cause pro
blems in the fuel system.
NOTICE
Operating wi
th fuels that do not meet the Perkins rec-
ommendations can cause the following effects: Start-
ing difficulty, poor combustion, deposits in the fuel in-
jectors, red
uced service life of the fuel system, de-
posits in the combustion chamber, and reduced ser-
vice life of the engine.
Diesel Fuel Characteristics
Perkins Recommendation
Cetane Numb
er
Fuel that has a high cetane number will give a shorter
ignition de
lay. This will produce a better ignition
quality. Cetane numbers are derived for fuels against
proportions of cetane and heptamethylnonane in the
standard C
FR engine. Refer to “ISO 5165” for the
test method.
Cetane num
bers in excess of 45 are normally
expected from current diesel fuel. However, a cetane
number of 40 may be experienced in some territories.
The Unite
d States of America is one of the territories
that can have a low cetane value. A minimum cetane
value of 40 is required during average starting
conditio
ns. A higher cetane value may be required
for operations at high altitudes or in cold weather
operations.
Fuel with a lo
w cetane number can be the root cause
of problems during cold start.
Viscosity
Viscosity is the property of a liquid of offering
resistance
to shear or flow. Viscosity decreases with
increasing temperature. This decrease in viscosity
follows a logarithmic relationship for normal fossil
fuel. The c
ommon reference is to kinematic viscosity.
This is the quotient of the dynamic viscosity that is
divided by the density. The determination of kinematic
viscosity
is normally by readings from gravity flow
viscometers at standard temperatures. Refer to “ISO
3104” for the test method.
The viscosity of the fuel is significant because fuel
serves as a lubricant for the fuel system components.
Fuel must
have sufficient viscosity in order to lubricate
the fuel system in both extremely cold temperatures
and extremely hot temperatures. If the kinematic
viscosit
y of the fuel is lower than 1.4 cSt at the fuel
injection pump damage to the fuel injection pump
can occur. This damage can be excessive scuffing
and seiz
ure. Low viscosity may lead to difficult hot
restarting, stalling and loss of performance. High
viscosity may result in seizure of the pump.
Perkins recommends kinematic viscosities of 1.4 and
4.5 mm2/sec that is delivered to the fuel injection
pump.
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