Figure 2. Battery Cell
Legend for Figure 2.
1. VENT AND FILL
CAP
2. POST
3. POST SEAL
4. PLATE
PROTECTOR
(SHIELD)
5. POSITIVE PLATE
6. EXPANSION MATS
7. RETAINER
8. SEPARATOR
9. NEGATIVE PLATE
10. BATTERY JAR
LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES
A lithium-ion battery converts chemical energy into
electrical energy. Chemical changes within the battery
give the electrical energy. When the chemical reaction
has occurred so the battery will not give its rated
voltage and current, the battery is discharged. A
reverse chemical action must occur so the battery can
be used again. The batteries described in this section
can be charged again by an electric voltage and
current from an outside source so there is a reverse
chemical action. The battery stores the electric energy
until the electric energy is needed to operate an
electric device. A lithium-ion battery is made from
several cells. Each cell has positive and negative
electrodes. The positive electrode is a cathode while
the negative is considered an anode. A cathode is the
electrode or terminal in which current leaves the cell or
battery while the anode is the electrode or terminal in
which current enters the cell or battery. Lithium-ion
batteries are maintenance-free and do not require
equalization charges or specific gravity corrections.
Specific Gravity
The strength of the electrolyte is measured in points of specific gravity. For example, a solution of sulfuric acid has
a specific gravity of 1.835. Water has a specific gravity of 1.000. Electrolyte is 27 percent acid and 73 percent
water and has a specific gravity of 1.275.
Chemical Reaction in a Cell
WARNING
NEVER pour water into concentrated acid.
Combining these liquids creates the rapid
production of heat which can cause the water to
boil and the acid to erupt and splash out of the
container. ALWAYS pour concentrated acid into
water when making a dilute solution of acid.
In a fully-charged cell, the electrolyte has a specific
gravity of 1.270 to 1.130. NEVER discharge a battery
below a specific gravity of 1.130. The battery can have
permanent damage if discharged below 1.130.
Specific Gravity 2240 YRM 0001
2
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