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Advanced Instruments 3250 User Guide

Advanced Instruments 3250
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19
Foreword
Osmolarity: Osmols of solute particles per liter of solution.
Although molarity and osmolarity may be common units of
measurement in other branches of chemistry, they are not
used in osmometry because the ratio of solute to solution is
not linear. Molality and osmolality are linear, independent of
the effect of temperature and volume displaced by solute. A
calculated conversion between units of molality and molarity
is complex and generally unnecessary when the terms are
properly understood.
Freezing Point/Melting Point: The temperature at which the
liquid and solid phases of a substance will remain together in
equilibrium.
Freezing-Point Depression: When a solute is added to a
solvent, the freezing point of the solvent is lowered. In aqueous
solutions, one mOsm of solute per kilogram of water depresses
the freezing point by 1.858 millidegrees Celsius (m°C).
Supercooling: The tendency of a substance to remain in the
liquid state when cooled below its freezing point.
Crystallization Temperature: Aqueous solutions can be induced
to freeze (i.e., crystallize) most reliably when supercooled.
When supercooled, agitating the solution (freeze pulse)
induces crystal formation. The crystallization temperature is
the temperature at which crystallization is induced. During
crystallization, the heat of fusion raises the temperature of the
sample to an ice/water freezing-point plateau.
Heat of Fusion: The heat released when the mobile molecules of
a liquid are frozen into rigid ice crystals.
Freezing-Point Plateau: The constant temperature maintained
during the time that ice and liquid exist in isothermal
equilibrium after crystallization occurs.

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Advanced Instruments 3250 Specifications

General IconGeneral
BrandAdvanced Instruments
Model3250
CategoryMeasuring Instruments
LanguageEnglish

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