Chapter 9—Supplemental Information
ENSONIQ MR-Rack Musician’s Manual 3
LFO Delay
The amount of time it takes for an LFO to begin modulating a Sound or Effect.
LFO Depth
The amount of LFO modulation.
LFO Rate
The speed at which an LFO wave completes a single cycle.
Limiter
A device that will prevent a source signal from exceeding a pre-set amplitude threshold. A limiter
can be thought of as a compressor with an infinite compression ratio.
LSB
Many MIDI controllers use a pair of MIDI messages. The first—the MSB—for “Most Significant
Byte”—chooses among 128 sets of MIDI values, each of which contains 128 values of its own.
The LSB—for “Least Significant Byte”—selects one of the 128 values contained in each MSB
set. The MR-Rack MIDI Implementation chart in this chapter provides information on the proper
use of MSB/LSB values with various MIDI controllers and the MR-Rack.
MIDI
Musical Instrument Digital Interface. A communication protocol for musical instruments. MIDI
has expanded the ability of the electronic musician to interconnect products from different
manufacturers through the use of this single communication protocol. See “What Is MIDI?”
elsewhere in this chapter for more information.
MIDI Controller
The MR-Rack uses this word in two senses: 1. a MIDI-transmitting instrument—such as a MIDI
keyboard, MIDI drum pads, or MIDI guitar, etc. 2. a type of MIDI message which allows the
modification of sounds in real time via MIDI, generated by devices such as pitch bend wheels,
data entry sliders, mod wheels or levers, sustain pedals, and so on.
MIDI Controller
Number
Each MIDI message used to modify Sounds in real time—such as those transmitted by pitch bend
wheels, data entry sliders, mod wheels or levers, sustain pedals, etc.—is assigned its own MIDI
controller number. The MIDI controller numbers supported by the MR-Rack are listed in the MR-
Rack MIDI Implementation chart in this chapter.
MIDI Merger
A device that allows a MIDI instrument to receive MIDI data from multiple transmitting
instruments through a single MIDI In jack by combining all of the instruments’ data into a single
MIDI data stream. MIDI Mergers are available as self-contained devices; many MIDI patchbays
also offer built-in MIDI merging. See “MIDI Patchbay.”
Modulation
Any change made to a Sound, sound wave or an Effect, either through pre-programmed automatic
devices or real-time manual manipulation.
Modulator
Any device, real or software-based, which can be used to change a Sound, sound wave or Effect.
MSB
Many MIDI controllers use a pair of MIDI messages. The first—the MSB—for “Most Significant
Byte”—chooses among 128 sets of MIDI values, each of which contains 128 values of its own.
The LSB—for “Least Significant Byte”—selects one of the 128 values contained in each MSB
set. The MR-Rack MIDI Implementation chart in this chapter provides information on the proper
use of MSB/LSB values with various MIDI controllers and the MR-Rack.
Noise
A software mechanism that produces a randomly fluctuating level, used to create random
modulation in a Sound or Effect.
Normal LFO
An MR-Rack LFO whose rate is set to a fixed time value.
Pan
The apparent location of a Sound relative to the left and right speakers used in a stereophonic
sound system.
Parameter
Any setting of the MR-Rack which can be changed or modified.
Parametric EQ
An equalizer for targeting specific frequency regions in a Sound with pinpoint accuracy.
Patchbay
A central junction box for audio or MIDI cables. A patchbay allows the interconnection of
instruments, consoles, recorders and effect devices—and the changing of those
connections—through electronic switching, eliminating the need for physically unplugging and
re-plugging cables.
Performance
A collection of 16 Parts, their Sounds, settings, Effect routings, Effect settings and PerfEditKit.
Phaser
Originally conceived as an approximation of a flanging Effect. All-pass filters are used in place of
the delay lines. All-pass filters introduce delay by modifying signal phase, hence the name.
Pitch Table
A set of tuning instructions which tell the MR-Rack what pitch to sound in response to the
receipt of MIDI note-ons.
Program Change
A MIDI message which instructs the MR-Rack to select the Sound whose Program Change
number corresponds to the Program Change’s numerical value in the currently selected bank.
Q
A bandwidth control that determines the width of the resonant peak at the center of the frequency
band. This is equal to the cutoff frequency divided by the bandwidth. By raising the Q value, a
narrower bandwidth is selected.
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