(
(
(
(-
Arithmetic Hierarchy
Arithmetic expressions are evaluated according
to
the hierarchy
of
the
operators
involved. Operations enclosed
in
parentheses are performed first. Operations with
a higher priority level are performed before those with a lower priority level. Oper-
ations at
the
same priority level are performed from left
to
right.
The
hierarchy
of
the
operators are:
Operator
Hierarchy
1.
Enclosed
in
parentheses
Highest
2.
tor
**
3. Positive + and Negative -
4.
* and /
5.
Addition + and Subtraction -
Lowest
An
expression
is
evaluated by being reduced
to
its
component
subexpressions. A
subexpression
is
defined
as
a group
that
can be read operand-opera tor-operand, where
an operand
is
one
of
the
following:
• A simple reference
to
data (constant
or
variable)
• A subscripted array reference
• A function reference
• A parenthesized subexpression
Starting with
the
first operator
to
be executed according
to
the
hierarchy,
the
operands
of
its subexpression are reduced
to
simple references
to
data
in
aleft-to-right
order.
This process
is
repeated
as
many times
as
required
in
a left-to-right
order
or in a
decreasing
order
of
priority,
or
both,
of
the
remaining operators until
the
entire
expression
is
reduced
to
a simple reference
to
the
evaluated result.
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