GENERAL
-
How to Diagnose
29
3. Jumper wire
A jumper wire is used to close an open circuit. Never
use one to connect a power supply directly to a load.
Z1660227
4. Voltmeter
A voltmeter is used to measure the circuit voltage. Normally,
the positive (red lead) probe is applied to the point of
voltage measurement and the negative (black lead) probe
to the body ground.
5. Ohmmeter
An ohmmeter is used to check continuity or measure resis-
tance of a switch or coil. If the measuring range has been
changed, the zero point must be adjusted before measure-
ment.
CHECKING SWITCHES
In a circuit diagram, a switch is represented by a symbol and
in the idle state.
1. Normal open or normal close switch
Switches are classified into those which make the circuit
open and those which make the circuit closed when off.
I
Normal open (NO) type
I
OFF
/
4
-
1
X
t
Current does not flow
16X0690
ON
1
a
i
a
Current flows
16X0691
00000401
Normal
close (NC) type
i===
ON
OFF
1
/
4
-
1
X
Current does not flow
16X0690
00000402
a
I
II
Current flows
16X0691
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