3.13. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM MALFUNCTIONS
In case of electric system malfunction we have 3 indicators providing
informations about system status.
Charging indicator - red LED on left top edge of instrument panel.
Providing primary information about electric regulator status.
- normal function: with the ENGINE START switch on, and engine
turned off, the LED is blinking, because generator doesnt provide
energy. With running engine, generator provides energy, regulator
provides volts and ampers to appliances and for battery charging,
and LED stops blinking.
- failure: is signalised by blinking of red LED, while the engine is
running, it signalizes the regulator doesn´t provide energy.
Appliances take energy from main battery or backup batteries, which
have limited cappacity. The flight may continue for several minutes.
Carburator engine will run even in full failure of electric system,
energy for spark plugs is generated by magnetos, independent on
the rest of the electric system.
Engine with injection fuel system is limited by battery capacity, as it
needs power for high pressure fuel pump and electronic control unit.
Appliances requiring electric power will run until the batteries run out.
With both batteries discharged, electric control of landing gear will be
inoperative. Emergency opening of landing gear manually will be
necessary. Flaps will be inoperative, landing will be possible with
closed flaps only. Radio and transponder will be inoperative too.
Voltmeter: when the engine is off, voltmeter shows battery voltage.
Normal value is between 12 to 13,5 V. Below 11 V the battery is empty
and engine start will probably not be possible. With a running engine,
voltmeter shows voltage provided by regulator. Normal level is
13,5 - 14,4 V. If failure of regulator occurs, followed by blinking
indicator, it is necessary to check volts, if they gradually decrease with
time, it signalise loss of battery voltage, battery is discharged. If battery
voltage drops under 10,5 V, some instruments stop working. Damage
of battery can occur in the same time.
Ammeter: shows current flowing from or to the battery. With engine
off, ammeter indicates possitive values, battery is providing current, is
discharging. Normal level is 1 to 6 Amps, depends on the number of
devices turned on. With running engine, batteries are charged,
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