136
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
CHARGING AND MAINTENANCE OF
ACCUMULATOR
A) Charging on vehicle and outside
the vehicle
1. Systematic overcharging and
discharging is harmful to battery and
shortens its service life. Correctly
adjusted charging system maintains
the battery near to a fully charged
condition. With adjusted voltage level
(13.8 - 14.4 V) in the charging system
and average tractor operation it is
sufficient to check and add the level
of electrolyte by distilled water once
per six month.
2. In heavier operation and another
level of regulated voltage it is
necessary to check the level of
electrolyte more frequently.
Overcharging the battery on vehicle
(more than 14.4 V) causes a high
loss of electrolyte.
3. It is necessary to charge the battery
removed from the vehicle or in the
vehicle, which is not in operation (see
Storage of charged batteries with
electrolyte). It is also suitable to
charge the battery in vehicle before
and after the winter season. In winter
season at strong frost the electrolyte
might freeze at almost discharged
battery (density of electrolyte 1.12 -
1.15 g/cm
3
); in this case the life is
substantially reduced (disintegration
of active agent and destroy of battery
case). Heavily discharged battery
(density of electrolyte below 1.07
g/cm
3
) might freeze already at
several degrees below zero.
4. Charge the battery by current that is
0,1 of total battery capacity (or lower)
up to a full charged condition.
5. The charging device with constant
voltage of 14.4 V can be also used.
The charging time can be max. 30
hours according to a level of
discharging.
6. Fully discharged battery must be
charged as soon as possible;
otherwise its full capacity cannot be
restored.
B) Signs of the charged battery
1. Battery is considered to be charged
fully if all battery cells generate gas
with the same intensity, the elec-
trolyte density is 1.28 g/cm
3
in all
cells and the total battery voltage is
15.3 - 16.5 V, measured with
prescribed charging current.
2. Status of full charging is confirmed
when the achieved density of elec-
trolyte and level of voltage do not
change any more during two further
measurements following after two
hours.
3. For example the charging condition
for your orientation: charging con-
dition corresponds to density of
electrolyte. The charging condition is
characterized by electrolyte density
and is measured by the charge
indicator. Every cell needs to be
measured.
Charging condition = electrolyte
density
Charging condition Electrolyte
density
100 % 1.28 g/cm
3
70 % 1.23 g/cm
3
50 % 1.20 g/cm
3
20 % 1.15 g/cm
3
0 % 1.12 g/cm
3
C) Storage of charged battery with
electrolyte
1. Before storage the battery must be
charged up to final signs of charging.
It must be disconnected from char-
ging system, cleaned and with plugs.
2. Battery that is built into a poly-
propylene case must be charged
after three month of storage because
of smaller self-discharging.
3. Intervals for checking the condition of
electrolyte: – during charging or
minimum once per 6 month, add the
distilled water only! If some electrical
appliances are connected perma-
nently even with the ignition off (e.g.
emergency flasher) it is necessary to
check the state of charging – i.e.
voltage without load and electrolyte
density min. once per 1 month.
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