100-214-239 Rev. A A-5
Appendix A
Digital Sonifier
The Effects of Ultrasonic Irradiation on
Various Biological Materials
Actinomyces:
3 minutes of sonifying produces excellent disruption with 50% protein release
and excellent enzyme activity.
Actinomycin D:
suspended in 3 minutes.
Aerobacter aerogenes:
excellent breakage with better enzyme release than any other method.
A low power setting can release sulfatase activity into the supernate with no obvious disruption
of the majority of cells.
Aerobacter suboxydans:
excellent breakage but requires higher power than A. aerogenes.
Algae secendesmus:
10 ml concentrated solution completely disr upts in 1 minute.
Alkaloids:
total amount and speed of extraction are greater than with standard methods.
Extraction from ipecac root in 30 seconds yielded more alkaloid than Soxhlet extraction in 5
hours.
Antibioticus:
monocellular elements from surface-grown colonies obtained in 1 minute.
Complete disruption in 5 minutes, 50% disruption in 2 minutes.
Antigen:
the Sonifer Cell Disruptor is used extensively to produce antigens and vaccines. It
can increase yield or expose otherwise unobtainable sites.
Aorta:
1 gram disintegrates in 2 minutes .
Aphanomyces:
after blending, complete disruption in 3 minutes.
Arthobacter tumescens:
10 gm in 40 ml in 5 minutes for O coumaric reductose.
Ascaris eggs:
8 ml concentrated solution completely disrupts in 4 minutes.
Asperigillus:
complete disruption in 4 minutes.
Aurefaciens:
monocellular elements from surface-grown colonies obtained in 1 minute. Com-
plete disruption in 5 minutes, 50% disruption in 2 minutes .
Azotobacter vinelandii:
15 ml buffered solution, 200 mg wet wt/ml completely
disintegrates in 2 minutes.
B. anthracis:
80% disruption of anthracis in 4 minutes. Complete disruption of 10 ml of
eryisipelothrix rhusipathiae in 10 minutes.
B. cereus veg cells:
disruption in a few seconds.
B. cereus spores:
disruption of 10 mg/6 ml in 13 minutes.
B. megaterium spores:
complete breakage of a concentrated 6 ml solution in 15 minutes.
B. sphaericus:
major disruption in 1-3 minutes.
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