C-5
Appendix - C --- Scanner Terms
Hardware id
Is a uniqe id no for the scanner, based on the scan-
neres serial no and MAC address.
Highlights
The lightest part of a picture--reproduced as white
on the screen or when printed.
Histogram
A bar graph representing the statistical distribution
of Graytones or colors in an image. Each column
represents the number of pixels at that gray level or
color.
HLS
A color space with the three variables of Hue,
Lightness, Saturation. See HSV.
HSV
A color space with the three variables of Hue,
Saturation, Value. Hue means color (as in the color
wheel.) Saturation is an indication relating to the
richness or vibrancy of the color. Value is a term
best related to the intensity of light illuminating the
object.
Hue
A named color. In discussions of color that relate to
photography, scanning, and printing, six hues are
especially important: red, yellow, green, cyan, blue,
and magenta. These hues make up every color
we can see, and are the designated hues on color
wheels.
Hue is also a measurement of color that can be
related by pointing towards a certain color on the
color wheel. Hue indicates the relative redness,
blueness, greenness, yellowness, etc., of a color.
ICC
The International Color Consortium (ICC) was
formed to address the need for a common color
framework. The ICC has developed a standard
device prole that contains information about how
various devices render color. This concept is sup-
ported by Apple (Colorsync), Microsoft for Windows
95, Sun for Solaris, and by Silicon Graphics for Irix.
Image Editor
A program used to edit pictures to change colors,
increase detail, scale or otherwise alter the picture.
Indexed color
Indexed color (or pseudo-color) is the provision of a
relatively small number, say 256, of discrete colors
in a colormap or palette. For each pixel in the im-
age, the index number of a color is then stored.
When retrieving the image, a lookup table uses the
index to retrieve red, green and blue components
that are then sent to the display. In graphic le for-
mats such as PCX of TIFF, an indexed color image
is accompanied by its colormap.
Interpolation
Using the interpolation method of resampling
generates values for points in between the actual
pixels by looking at the surrounding colors or inten-
sities. In a scanner resolution is increased beyond
the actual number of CCD cells. As each line of
pixel data arrives from the cameras, new interpo-
lated pixels are added between original pixels. The
added pixels enhance line edge denition.
JPEG Compression
Joint Photographic Experts Group Compression.
A method to save storage space by compressing
les. JPEG achieves a high degree of compression
by discarding non-important picture detail.
JPEG
A compressed le format for images. Named after
the Joint Photographic Expert Group, JPEG im-
ages feature small le size and speed, but lower
quality than other formats.
License Code
is the product/model specic code that the Custom-
er recives with his Scanner (base model).
Loosless Compression
File compression and subsequent de-compression
without any loss of data.
Lossy Compression
File compression that will compress data to a high
degree. When subsequently un-compressed, data
will have been lost.
LZW
Method of lossless compression used with many
le formats; developed by Lempel, Zev and Welch.
Midtones
The most important part of a picture between black
(shadows) and white (highlights).
Negative
A reversed photographic image used to produce a
positive print or a scanned image.
NET - NET Architecture
NET Architecture is a solution for scanning across
local networks.
What does it do?
• Enables Sharing a scanner on a network.
• Enables scanning to a Designated Scan
Folder on another computer.
NET Architecture allows a a scanner to scan to a
client PC in a single coherent and secure process.
The client does not need to expose or share his
local hard disk as the system can be set up for
authorized transfer to the client.
Example of usage - a company that needs to cre-
ate digital documents of its drawing archive, can
send the drawings to a service bureau that scans
all the documents directly to the client (company)
le server allowing immediate feedback from the
client and prevents digital distribution of conden-
tial documents outside the client company.
NET Architecture also allows users in a company to
use a scanner, from their own PC workstations al-
though the scanner is physically placed elsewhere.
It only need to be on the same LAN. In this way a
single scanner is “shared” throughout the company.
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