6-2
This calibration method requires only one calibrator.   
Two-point linear calibration 
Calibration formula:  baCR
= . 
This calibration method adopts two calibration parameters: 
a and  b , where, 
12
12
CC
RR
a
−
−
=
, 
1
12
12
1
C
CC
RR
Rb )(
−
−= . 
This calibration method requires two calibrators. 
C
1
 and  C
2
 are respectively the 
concentrations of calibrator 1 and calibrator 2.
 
1
 and 
2
 are respectively the 
responses of calibrator 1 and calibrator 2. 
Multi-point linear calibration 
Calibration formula:  baCR
= . 
This calibration method adopts two calibration parameters: 
a  and  b . 
This calibration method requires n (n≥3) calibrators. 
i
C  is the concentration of 
calibrator 
i . 
i
R  is the response of calibrator  i .  a  and  b  can be  obtained 
through the method of least squares.
 
nCC
nRCRC
a
n
i
i
n
i
i
n
i
i
n
i
i
n
i
ii
/)(
/))((
2
11
2
111
∑∑
∑∑∑
==
===
−
−
=  
6.2 Calculating Nonlinear Calibration 
Parameters 
 
Logistic-Log 4P 
Calibration formula: 
)]ln(exp[1
1
0
Cba
KRR
+−+
+=  
This calibration method adopts four parameters: 
0
R , 
,  a  and  b . 
This calibration method requires at least four calibrators. The concentration (or 
activity) of calibrator 1 is 0, and the corresponding 
 is  equal  to 
0
.This 
calibration method is applied to the calibration curve that the response becomes 
smaller and smaller with the concentration increase. See Figure 6-1.