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Atmel ATmega48PV User Manual
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439
8025I–AVR–02/09
ATmega48P/88P/168P/328P
31.4
28P3
2325 Orchard P
ar
kwa
y
San Jose, CA 95131
TITLE
DRA
WING NO
.
R
REV
.
28P3
, 28-lead (0.300"/7.62 mm Wide) Plastic Dual
Inline Package (PDIP)
B
28P3
09/28/01
PIN
1
E1
A1
B
REF
E
B1
C
L
SEA
TING PLANE
A
0º ~ 15º
D
e
eB
B2
(4 PLACES)
COMMON DIMENSIONS
(Unit of Measure = mm)
SYMBOL
MIN
NOM
MAX
NOTE
A
–
–
4.5724
A1
0.508
–
–
D
34.544
– 34.798 Note 1
E
7.620
–
8.255
E1
7.112
–
7.493
Note 1
B
0.381
–
0.533
B1
1.143
–
1.397
B2
0.762
–
1.143
L
3.175
–
3.429
C
0.203
–
0.356
eB
–
–
10.160
e 2.540 TYP
Note:
1.
Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold Flash or Protrusion.
Mold Flash or Protrusion shall not exceed 0.25 mm (0.010").
438
440
Table of Contents
Default Chapter
1
Features
1
1 Pin Configurations
2
Pin Descriptions
3
2 Overview
4
Block Diagram
5
Comparison between Atmega48P, Atmega88P, Atmega168P, and Atmega328P
6
3 About
7
Disclaimer
7
Resources
7
Data Retention
7
Code Examples
7
4 AVR CPU Core
8
Overview
8
ALU - Arithmetic Logic Unit
9
Status Register
9
General Purpose Register File
11
Stack Pointer
12
Instruction Execution Timing
13
Reset and Interrupt Handling
14
5 AVR Memories
16
Overview
16
In-System Reprogrammable Flash Program Memory
16
SRAM Data Memory
18
EEPROM Data Memory
19
I/O Memory
20
Register Description
21
6 System Clock and Clock Options
26
Clock Systems and Their Distribution
26
Clock Sources
27
Low Power Crystal Oscillator
28
Full Swing Crystal Oscillator
30
Low Frequency Crystal Oscillator
32
Calibrated Internal RC Oscillator
33
Khz Internal Oscillator
33
External Clock
34
Clock Output Buffer
35
Timer/Counter Oscillator
35
System Clock Prescaler
35
Register Description
37
7 Power Management and Sleep Modes
39
Sleep Modes
39
BOD Disable
40
Idle Mode
40
ADC Noise Reduction Mode
40
Power-Down Mode
41
Power-Save Mode
41
Standby Mode
41
Extended Standby Mode
41
Power Reduction Register
42
Minimizing Power Consumption
42
Register Description
44
8 System Control and Reset
46
Resetting the AVR
46
Reset Sources
46
Power-On Reset
47
External Reset
48
Brown-Out Detection
48
Watchdog System Reset
49
Internal Voltage Reference
49
Watchdog Timer
50
Register Description
54
9 Interrupts
57
Interrupt Vectors in Atmega48P
57
Interrupt Vectors in Atmega88P
59
Interrupt Vectors in Atmega168P
62
Interrupt Vectors in Atmega328P
65
Register Description
68
10 External Interrupts
70
Pin Change Interrupt Timing
70
Register Description
71
11 O-Ports
75
Overview
75
Ports as General Digital I/O
76
Alternate Port Functions
80
Register Description
92
12 8-Bit Timer/Counter0 with PWM
94
Features
94
Overview
94
Timer/Counter Clock Sources
96
Counter Unit
96
Output Compare Unit
97
Compare Match Output Unit
98
Modes of Operation
99
Timer/Counter Timing Diagrams
104
Register Description
106
16 Bit Timer/Counter1 with PWM
113
Features
113
Overview
113
Accessing 16-Bit Registers
115
Timer/Counter Clock Sources
118
Counter Unit
119
Input Capture Unit
120
Output Compare Units
122
Compare Match Output Unit
124
Modes of Operation
125
Timer/Counter Timing Diagrams
132
Register Description
134
14 Timer/Counter0 and Timer/Counter1 Prescalers
141
Internal Clock Source
141
Prescaler Reset
141
External Clock Source
141
Register Description
143
15 8-Bit Timer/Counter2 with PWM and Asynchronous Operation
144
Features
144
Overview
144
Timer/Counter Clock Sources
145
Counter Unit
145
Output Compare Unit
146
Compare Match Output Unit
148
Modes of Operation
149
Timer/Counter Timing Diagrams
153
Asynchronous Operation of Timer/Counter2
155
Timer/Counter Prescaler
156
Register Description
158
16 SPI - Serial Peripheral Interface
166
Features
166
Overview
166
SS Pin Functionality
171
Data Modes
171
Register Description
173
17 Usart0
176
Features
176
Overview
176
Clock Generation
177
Frame Formats
180
USART Initialization
182
Data Transmission - the USART Transmitter
183
Data Reception - the USART Receiver
186
Asynchronous Data Reception
190
Multi-Processor Communication Mode
193
Register Description
195
Examples of Baud Rate Setting
199
18 USART in SPI Mode
204
Features
204
Overview
204
Clock Generation
204
SPI Data Modes and Timing
205
Frame Formats
206
Data Transfer
208
AVR USART MSPIM Vs. AVR SPI
210
Register Description
211
19 2-Wire Serial Interface
214
Features
214
Wire Serial Interface Bus Definition
214
Data Transfer and Frame Format
216
Multi-Master Bus Systems, Arbitration and Synchronization
218
Overview of the TWI Module
221
Using the TWI
223
Transmission Modes
227
Multi-Master Systems and Arbitration
240
Register Description
241
20 Analog Comparator
246
Overview
246
Analog Comparator Multiplexed Input
246
Register Description
247
21 Analog-To-Digital Converter
250
Features
250
Overview
250
Starting a Conversion
252
Prescaling and Conversion Timing
253
Changing Channel or Reference Selection
255
ADC Noise Canceler
256
ADC Conversion Result
261
Temperature Measurement
261
Register Description
262
22 Debugwire On-Chip Debug System
267
Features
267
Overview
267
Physical Interface
267
Software Break Points
268
Limitations of Debugwire
268
Register Description
268
23 Self-Programming the Flash, Atmega48P
269
Overview
269
Addressing the Flash During Self-Programming
270
Register Description
275
24 Boot Loader Support - Read-While-Write Self-Programming, Atmega88P, Atmega168P and Atmega328P
277
Features
277
Overview
277
Application and Boot Loader Flash Sections
277
Read-While-Write and no Read-While-Write Flash Sections
278
Boot Loader Lock Bits
280
Entering the Boot Loader Program
281
Addressing the Flash During Self-Programming
282
Self-Programming the Flash
282
Register Description
292
25 Memory Programming
294
Program and Data Memory Lock Bits
294
Fuse Bits
295
Signature Bytes
298
Calibration Byte
299
Page Size
299
Parallel Programming Parameters, Pin Mapping, and Commands
299
Parallel Programming
301
Serial Downloading
308
26 Electrical Characteristics
313
Absolute Maximum Ratings
313
DC Characteristics
313
Speed Grades
316
Clock Characteristics
319
System and Reset Characteristics
320
SPI Timing Characteristics
321
Wire Serial Interface Characteristics
323
ADC Characteristics - Preliminary Data
325
Parallel Programming Characteristics
326
27 Typical Characteristics
328
Atmega48P Typical Characteristics
329
Atmega88P Typical Characteristics
353
Atmega168P Typical Characteristics
377
Atmega328P Typical Characteristics
401
28 Register Summary
425
29 Instruction Set Summary
429
30 Ordering Information
432
Atmega48P
432
Atmega88P
433
Atmega168P
434
Atmega328P
435
31 Packaging Information
436
M1-A
438
32 Errata
440
Errata Atmega48P
440
Errata Atmega88P
440
Errata Atmega168P
440
Errata Atmega328P
440
33 Datasheet Revision History
442
Rev. 2545I-02/09
442
Rev. 2545H-02/09
442
Rev. 2545G-01/09
442
Rev. 2545F-08/08
443
Rev. 2545E-08/08
443
Rev. 2545D-03/08
443
Rev. 2545C-01/08
443
Rev. 2545B-01/08
444
Rev. 2545A-07/07
444
4
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Atmel ATmega48PV Specifications
General
Brand
Atmel
Model
ATmega48PV
Category
Microcontrollers
Language
English
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