©2022 CAE 905K560252 v1.2 33
Luna Features
Respiratory System
The simulator represents a realistic Respiratory System to achieve an extremely accurate simulation
of respiration. This system is tightly integrated with the Cardiovascular System.In addition to the Base
Base Respiratory System Features
The patient’s lungs simulate consumption of oxygen and the production of carbon dioxide in
accordance with the principles of uptake and distribution.
The lungs are realistically modeled with respect to the range of tidal volumes and functional
residual capacity.
Lung and chest wall compliance are modeled with independent control of the left and right lungs.
Spontaneous and manual modes of ventilation are supported.
Symmetric and asymmetric lung ventilation are automatically supported in response to bilateral
and unilateral compliance and resistance changes, proper or incorrect intubation, and
pathophysiological states such as tension pneumothorax. This capability can be accomplished
automatically without intervention of the instructor.
The simulated patient generates both normal and abnormal breath sounds, bilateral and
unilateral, which are appropriately synchronized with the respective phases of respiration. Breath
sounds are audible over the apex of each lung with the use of standard stethoscope and
StethoSym.
In the case of esophageal intubation, breath sounds, and chest excursion output are automatically
absent, but the stomach distends with positive pressure ventilation attempts.
Simulated pulse oximetry is fully supported. The reported oxyhemoglobin saturation correlates
correctly and dynamically with the alveolar oxygen concentration, the patient’s intrapulmonary
shunt fraction and the temperature and pH of the arterial blood. The saturation value can be
displayed on the Instructor Workstation.
Direct laryngoscopy as well as oral and nasal tracheal intubation can be performed.
Esophageal intubation is fully supported, in which case breath sounds and chest excursion are
absent and gastric distension occurs.
Vocal cords can be manually closed to simulate laryngospasms. With the cords closed, there will be
less air reaching the lungs during ventilation and prevents intubation.
Bronchial occlusion, when enabled, guarantees that no ventilation is possible, creating a “cannot
ventilate” crisis scenario.
Decompression of a tension pneumothorax can be performed by inserting a needle at the mid-
clavicular line of the second intercostal space on the right side of the manikin. Proper needle
placement results in rapid decompression and improvement in pulmonary mechanics and gas
exchange.
A chest tube can be inserted into the mid-axillary line of the fifth intercostal space on the right side
of the manikin for practicing care and maintenance of a chest tube.
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