8 HANDLING IN COLD WEATHER
When
the
air
temperature
is
very
low
and the engine
is
cold, engine starting
is
confronted with such factors as low temperature of intake air which disturbs the
rise
of
compression temperature,
an
increase of
oil
viscosity and a drop battery voltage which keeps
starter from developing enough power
to
drive
the
engine.
In
addition, cooling water and
battery electrolyte may freeze up. For starting and
handling
in
cold weather, follow the
special instructions given below.
8-1
Starting
in
cold weather
Proceed according
to
the following additional hints so
that
a
single
attempt
will
make success
in
starting. Repeated
use
of starter
will
discharge batteries.
1)
Put the engine
as
free from load
as
possible.
If
clutch attached, disengage it,
besides shifting transmission gear into neutral.
2)
Pre-heat
well
by electrifying glow plugs for
30-40
seconds,
so
as
to permit
ready ignition.
If
starting has failed, don't switch on starter again without
pre-heating.
3) The moment first firing takes place, bring back lever
to
neutral. Further
increase of fuel feed
will
cool combustion chamber, hence a
lag
in
perfect
firing.
4)
Even
when initial ignition has taken place and .been followed
by
imperfect
combustion, keep starter running until the engine perfectly catches to gather
speed, so
that
glow plugs
will
remain red
hot
to help perfect firing. Starter has
a free wheel, which protects it against any damage even when its pinion
is
kept
in
mesh with ring gear
in
that way.
In
any case,
don't
run it any longer than
30
seconds
at
a time.
8-2 General instructions
1)
Unless
an
antifreeze
is
mixed
in
cooling water, drain it off entirely after the
operations over, lest it should freeze up
to
damages cylinder block, cylinder
heads, radiator, etc.
Use
of
an antifreeze dispenses with
the
trouble
of
draining.
Choose a reliable brand of antifreeze
that
contains a suitable proportion of
anticorrosive, and mix it according
to
the manufacturer's instructions given on
the
can, for its proportion usually depends upon the lowest temperature
expected. Quantity of
cooling water for 4DQ50W
is
10 litres and
40Q50C
is
16 litres. (with standard radiator)
2)
In winter,
use
engine
oil
of lower viscosity. (Refer
to
Chap.
2,
"Engine Oil".)
3) Existence of water
in
fuel
will
cause some trouble with
fuel
system from
-7-
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