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Motorola M68000

Motorola M68000
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©MOTOROLA INC., 1993
M68000
8-/16-/32-Bit
Microprocessors User’s Manual
µ
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µ MOTOROLA
Ninth Edition
Frees
cale Semiconductor,
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
For More Information On This Product,
Go to: www.freescale.com
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Table of Contents

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Motorola M68000 Specifications

General IconGeneral
ArchitectureCISC
Data Bus Width16-bit
Address Bus Width24-bit
Maximum Addressable Memory16 MB
Clock Speed4 - 16 MHz
ManufacturerMotorola
ModelM68000
Number of Transistors68, 000
Process TechnologyHMOS
Voltage5 V
TypeMicroprocessor
Instruction SetMotorola 68000
Package64-pin DIP, 68-pin PLCC, 68-pin PGA

Summary

Section 1 OVERVIEW

1.1 MC68000

First implementation of the M68000 microprocessor architecture.

1.2 MC68008

Cost-effective system using 8-bit data buses with 32-bit architecture.

1.3 MC68010

VLSI technology, 16-bit microprocessor with virtual memory support.

1.4 MC68 HC000

Reduced power consumption with HMOS MC68000.

Section 2 INTRODUCTION

2.1 PROGRAMMERS MODEL

Defines user/supervisor modes, registers, program counter, and status register.

2.2 DATA TYPES AND ADDRESSING MODES

Describes the five basic data types and 14 addressing modes.

2.3 DATA ORGANIZATION IN REGISTERS

Details data and address register organization and operand sizes.

2.4 DATA ORGANIZATION IN MEMORY

Explains how bits, bytes, words, long words, and addresses are stored.

Section 3 SIGNAL DESCRIPTION

3.1 ADDRESS BUS (A23-A1)

23-bit bus for addressing 16 Mbytes of data, used in most bus cycles.

3.2 DATA BUS (D15-D0; MC68008: D7-D0)

General-purpose data path, 16-bit wide (8-bit for MC68008).

3.3 ASYNCHRONOUS BUS CONTROL

Controls asynchronous data transfers via strobe and acknowledge signals.

3.4 BUS ARBITRATION CONTROL

Manages bus mastership requests, grants, and acknowledgments.

Section 4 8-BIT BUS OPERATION

4.1 DATA TRANSFER OPERATIONS

Describes data transfer using address, data, and control signals in 8-bit mode.

4.2 OTHER BUS OPERATIONS

Refers to Section 5 for CPU space, bus arbitration, and other operations.

Section 5 16-BIT BUS OPERATION

5.1 DATA TRANSFER OPERATIONS

Describes data transfer using address, data, and control signals in 16-bit mode.

5.2 BUS ARBITRATION

Explains bus arbitration techniques and signals.

5.3 BUS ARBITRATION CONTROL

Details synchronization of asynchronous bus arbitration signals.

5.4 BUS ERROR AND HALT OPERATION

Covers bus error handling, retry, halt, and double bus faults.

Section 6 EXCEPTION PROCESSING

6.1 PRIVILEGE MODES

Discusses supervisor and user modes and their implications for operations.

6.2 EXCEPTION PROCESSING

Outlines the four steps of exception processing and vector determination.

6.3 PROCESSING OF SPECIFIC EXCEPTIONS

Details processing for reset, interrupts, traps, and other exceptions.

6.4 RETURN FROM EXCEPTION (MC68010)

Explains the RTE instruction's role in resuming execution after exceptions.

Section 7 8-BIT INSTRUCTION TIMING

7.1 OPERAND EFFECTIVE ADDRESS CALCULATION TIMES

Lists clock periods for computing effective addresses and fetching operands.

7.2 MOVE INSTRUCTION EXECUTION TIMES

Provides clock period timings for MOVE instructions.

7.3 STANDARD INSTRUCTION EXECUTION TIMES

Details clock periods for standard instructions.

7.4 IMMEDIATE INSTRUCTION EXECUTION TIMES

Lists clock periods for instructions with immediate operands.

Section 8 16-BIT INSTRUCTION EXECUTION TIMES

8.1 OPERAND EFFECTIVE ADDRESS CALCULATION TIMES

Lists clock periods for computing effective addresses.

8.2 MOVE INSTRUCTION EXECUTION TIMES

Provides clock period timings for MOVE instructions.

8.3 STANDARD INSTRUCTION EXECUTION TIMES

Details clock periods for standard instructions.

8.4 IMMEDIATE INSTRUCTION EXECUTION TIMES

Lists clock periods for instructions with immediate operands.

Section 9 MC68010 INSTRUCTION EXECUTION TIMES

9.1 OPERAND EFFECTIVE ADDRESS CALCULATION TIMES

Lists clock periods for computing effective addresses.

9.2 MOVE INSTRUCTION EXECUTION TIMES

Provides clock period timings for MOVE instructions.

9.3 STANDARD INSTRUCTION EXECUTION TIMES

Details clock periods for standard instructions.

9.4 IMMEDIATE INSTRUCTION EXECUTION TIMES

Lists clock periods for instructions with immediate operands.

SECTION 10 ELECTRICAL AND THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS

10.1 MAXIMUM RATINGS

Specifies maximum voltage, temperature, and other operational limits.

10.2 THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS

Details thermal resistance parameters like θJA and θJC.

10.3 POWER CONSIDERATIONS

Explains power dissipation calculations and junction temperature.

10.4 CMOS CONSIDERATIONS

Discusses power consumption and behavior of CMOS cells.

SECTION 11 ORDERING INFORMATION AND MECHANICAL DATA

11.1 PIN ASSIGNMENTS

Provides pin assignments for various M68000 family microprocessors.

11.2 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS

Details mechanical dimensions for various package types.

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