B-2 Glossary Model 2701 Instrument Networking Instruction Manual
Hub — A passive hub is a device that splits the received signals among other connected
nodes. An active hub amplifies or repeats incoming signals before distributing them.
INterNIC (Internet Network Information Center) — The organization responsible for
assigning Internet network addresses and domain names to hosts that are connected to the
Internet.
IP Address — A unique 32-bit address assigned to each host attached to the network. An IP
address specifies both the network and the host address.
MAC Address — Media access control is the hosts unique identity. It is a 6 Byte
hexadecimal number that can be represented in HEX or decimal. The Model 2701 uses a
decimal number, much like an IP address structure to represent the MAC address. The MAC
address is usually assigned to the HOST at the factory. The host transmits its address with each
packet of data. It may also be referred to as a hardware address, Ethernet address, node ID, or
adapter address. This is not required to be known when using an isolated network. A systems
administrator may require this when connecting to a corporate network.
Network — Two or more computers connected together enabling them to communicate.
Network Topology — Geometric organization of nodes and cable links in a LAN (local
area network).
NIC — Network interface card is a computer card that is installed in a computer that allows
the computer to communicate with a network.
Packet — A chunk of information that contains both the original data to be transmitted
along with additional addressing information. If the packet is to large to be transmitted by the
data link layer, the network layer breaks it into multiple pieces, transmits them, then
reassembles the packet at the receiving end.
Peer-to-Peer Network — A type of network that no two computers have more control over
the network than another. Each can act as both a server and a client. This means that each can
supply resources to the other peer computers.
Protocol — A formal set of communication conventions used by two network nodes to
communicate properly with each other.
Repeater — A device that amplifies incoming transmission signals before regenerating
them on its output. This will maintain signal integrity along a longer media run than is nor
-
mally possible.
Router — A device that forwards data packets from one network to another.
Server — See web server.
Socket — A virtual port enabling client applications to connect to the applicable server.
Subnet — A segment of LAN that is differentiated from other segments through use of an
operation called a Subnet mask. This operation is performed on the networks IP address.
Subnet Mask — A transformation applied on an IP address enabling creation of subnets.
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