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Chapter 3 Analog Output Waveforms
of the signal. For example, when the square wave, shown in Figure 3-5, enters a filter, an ideal
filter smooths the edges of the input, whereas a real filter causes some ringing in the signal as
the higher frequency components of the signal are delayed.
Figure 3-5. Square Wave Input Signal
Figures 3-6 and 3-7 show the difference in response to a square wave between an ideal and a real
filter, respectively.
Figure 3-6. Response of an Ideal Filter to a Square Wave Input Signal
Time (t)
Volts (V)
Time (t)
Volts (V)