INTRODUCTION
1
The
CRAY-1
Computer
System
is
a powerful general-purpose computer capable
of extremely high processing
rates.
These
rates
are achieved
by
combining
scalar
and
vector
capabilities
into
a
single
central processor
which
is
joined to a
large,
fast,
bi-polar
memory.
Vector processing
by
performing
iterative
operations
on
sets
of ordered data provide
results
at
rates
greatly
exceeding
result
rates
of conventional
scalar
processing. Scalar
operations
complement
the vector
capability
by
providing solutions to
problems not
readily
adapted to vector techniques.
Figure 1-1 represents the basic organization of a
CRAY-1
system.
The
central
processor
unit
(CPU)
is
a
single
integrated processing
unit
consisting
of a computation
section,
a
memory
section,
and
an
input/
output
section.
The
memory
is
expandable
from
0.25 million
64-bit
words
to a
maximum
of 1.0 million words.
The
12
input channels
and
12
output channels in the input/output section connect to a maintenance
control
unit
(MCU),
a
mass
storage subsystem,
and
a
variety
of front-end
systems or peripheral equipment.
The
MCU
provides for system
initializa-
tion
and
for monitoring system performance.
The
mass
storage subsystem
provides secondary storage
and
consists
of
one
to eleven
Cray
Research
OCU-2
Disk
Controllers,
each with
one
to four 00-19
Disk
Storage Units.
Each
00-19
has
a capacity
of
2.424 x
10
9
bits.
I/O
channels
can
be
connected to independent processors
referred
to as
front-end computers or
I/O
stations
or
can
be
connected to peripheral
equipment according to the requirements of the individual
installation.
At
least
one
front-end system
is
considered standard to
collect
data
and
present
it
to the
CRAY-1
for processing
and
to receive output
from
the
CRAY-1
for
distribution
to slower devices.
Table
1-1
summarizes the
characteristics
of the system.
The
following
paragraphs provide
an
additional introduction to the three sections of
the
CPU;
later
sections of
this
manual
describe the features in
detail.
2240004
1-1
E
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