Table of contents
11 Warnings & cautions ......................................................................................................................
32 Important note about this manual .................................................................................................
53 Welcome! .........................................................................................................................................
63.1 About FLIR Systems .............................................................................................................
83.1.1 A few images from our facilities ............................................................................
103.2 Comments & questions ........................................................................................................
114 Packing list ......................................................................................................................................
135 System overview .............................................................................................................................
156 Connecting system components ..................................................................................................
177 Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations ......................................
177.1 Important note ......................................................................................................................
177.2 General information ..............................................................................................................
177.2.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................
187.2.2 General equipment data .......................................................................................
197.2.3 Inspection .............................................................................................................
197.2.4 Classification & reporting ......................................................................................
207.2.5 Priority ...................................................................................................................
207.2.6 Repair ....................................................................................................................
217.2.7 Control ..................................................................................................................
227.3 Measurement technique for thermographic inspection of electrical installations ...............
227.3.1 How to correctly set the equipment .....................................................................
227.3.2 Temperature measurement ...................................................................................
247.3.3 Comparative measurement ..................................................................................
257.3.4 Normal operating temperature .............................................................................
267.3.5 Classification of faults ...........................................................................................
287.4 Reporting ..............................................................................................................................
307.5 Different types of hot spots in electrical installations ...........................................................
307.5.1 Reflections ............................................................................................................
307.5.2 Solar heating .........................................................................................................
317.5.3 Inductive heating ...................................................................................................
317.5.4 Load variations ......................................................................................................
327.5.5 Varying cooling conditions ...................................................................................
337.5.6 Resistance variations ............................................................................................
337.5.7 Overheating in one part as a result of a fault in another ......................................
357.6 Disturbance factors at thermographic inspection of electrical installations ........................
357.6.1 Wind ......................................................................................................................
357.6.2 Rain and snow ......................................................................................................
367.6.3 Distance to object .................................................................................................
377.6.4 Object size ............................................................................................................
397.7 Practical advice for the thermographer ................................................................................
397.7.1 From cold to hot ...................................................................................................
397.7.2 Rain showers ........................................................................................................
397.7.3 Emissivity ..............................................................................................................
407.7.4 Reflected apparent temperature ...........................................................................
407.7.5 Object too far away ...............................................................................................
Publ. No. 1558407 Rev. a155 – ENGLISH (EN) – February 6, 2006 xi