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General| Ambient Temperature | -40°C to +70°C |
|---|---|
| Contact Form | DPDT (Double Pole Double Throw) |
| Contact Rating | 10A |
| Coil Voltage | 6V DC, 12V DC, 24V DC |
| Coil Power | 0.9W (DC) |
| Dielectric Strength | 1500V AC for 1 minute |
| Mechanical Life | 10, 000, 000 operations |
| Electrical Life | 100, 000 operations at rated load |
Describes the P54A, P54B, P54C, P54E IEDs' capabilities: multi-ended differential protection and autoreclose protection.
Details the product's protection functions, measurement functions, and communication functions.
Lists features like phase segregated differential protection, self-synchronization, and InterMiCOM teleprotection.
Details various protection functions including tripping modes, overcurrent, earth fault, and autoreclose.
Personnel must be familiar with safety information. Dangerous voltages are present in the equipment.
Explains common symbols used throughout the manual and on the equipment parts, such as Caution and Warning.
Details hazards related to lifting, electrical hazards, UL/CSA/CUL requirements, and fusing requirements.
Details compliance with European Commission Directives (EMC, LVD, R&TTE), UL/CUL, and ATEX.
Describes the main components and their interconnection within the Px4x platform.
Details the front panel components, including LCD display, keypad, serial and parallel ports, and LEDs.
Conceptually categorizes the device software into system level, platform, and protection and control software.
Describes the real-time operating system, system services software, and self-diagnostic software.
Processes protection elements and measurement functions, communicating with system services and platform software.
Explains the use of MiCOM S1 Agile software for configuring and managing IEDs, including data models.
Details the procedure for navigating the menu, changing setting values, and confirming changes.
Introduces Current Differential protection principles, theory, implementation, and application guidance.
Explains the principle of current differential protection based on Kirchhoff's Law and the Merz-Price principle.
Details features of multi-ended differential protection, including sample-based RMS implementation and fault discrimination.
Explains the process of aligning current values to a common time reference, using Time Alignment or Synchronisation.
Describes intertripping functions associated with Current Differential protection, including permissive and direct tripping.
Explains the nature of faults, the purpose of autoreclosing schemes, and benefits.
Explains terminology like Shot, Multi-shot, Single-shot, Dead Time, Reclaim time, High-speed, and Delayed Autoreclose.
Describes typical AR operation sequences controlled by Dead Timers, including transient and evolving/permanent faults.
Explains how to enable the Autoreclose function via opto-input, AR Pulse signals, HMI function key, or IEC 60870-5-103 communications.
Starts Autoreclose for a circuit breaker only if enabled and in service. Indicates AR in Progress until cycle end.
Provides guidance on setting De-ionising Time, Dead Timer, and Reclaim Time for autoreclose.
Explains the necessity of CBF to isolate faults, prevent damage, and maintain system stability.
Details the implementation of CBF, including CB Fail 1 Timer and CB Fail 2 Timer configurations.
Details phase fault overcurrent protection as a form of back-up protection with various enabling options.
Introduces NPSOC elements for detecting unbalanced faults and improving sensitivity for resistive phase-to-phase faults.
Describes earth fault protection measurements and implementation using derived quantities.
Details SEF protection implementation, EPATR B curve, and logic, for detecting lower fault currents.
Describes thermal overload protection based on I2Rt, with single and dual time constant characteristics.
Discusses causes of undervoltage conditions and the necessity of undervoltage elements for protection.
Discusses overvoltage conditions related to loss of load and the necessity of regulating equipment.
Describes residual overvoltage protection as a means of earth fault detection, particularly for insulated systems.
Discusses the importance of balanced power generation and utilization for system frequency stability.
Explains underfrequency conditions arising from load exceeding generation capacity and its impact on system stability.
Describes overfrequency conditions arising from mechanical power input exceeding electrical power output.
Records statistics related to circuit breaker trip operation to assess its condition.
Explains how to control the circuit breaker locally or remotely via IED menu, hotkeys, function keys, opto-inputs, or SCADA.
Supervises operation of Current Differential protection by monitoring communications path symmetry.
Detects failure of AC voltage inputs to protection, caused by VT faults, overloading, or wiring faults.
Detects failure of AC current inputs to protection, caused by CT faults, overloading, or wiring.
Provides supervision of the trip coil and trip path, with schemes for different applications.
Explains the Scheme Logic as a functional module handling input/output mapping via DDB, FSL, and PSL.
Details the Fibre Teleprotection interface as integral to Current Differential protection, providing necessary communications.
Describes electrical teleprotection as an optional feature using communications links to replace hard wiring.
Outlines three common types of teleprotection commands: Direct Tripping, Permissive Tripping, and Blocking Scheme.
Details how to customize individual command signals using IM# Cmd Type cell for security, speed, and dependability.
Describes physical layer standards for serial communications: EIA(RS)485, K-Bus, and EIA(RS)232.
Describes redundancy required for critical applications like substation automation, using a Redundant Ethernet Board (REB).
Details PRP as defined in IEC 62439-3, providing bumpless redundancy for substation automation.
Describes HSR as standardized in IEC 62439-3 for ring topology networks, providing bumpless redundancy.
Explains how to configure IP addresses for IEDs and REBs, including subnet masks and gateway addresses.
Explains cyber-security requirements like confidentiality, integrity, availability, and traceability.
Details NERC CIP standards for protection of critical infrastructure and cyber assets.
Describes the current implementation of cyber-security measures at IED and external levels.
Discusses requirements for receiving, unpacking, and personal safety when handling products.
Ensures application-specific settings and programmable scheme logic settings are correctly applied.
Describes how to conduct online testing using IEC 61850 Edition 2 test modes for logical isolation of functions.
Details the current differential bias characteristic and its lower and upper slopes.
Performs comparison between line and bus voltages, and checks synchronism conditions.
Tests trip and close operation automatically using application-specific settings.
Describes onload checks which are potentially dangerous and may only be carried out by qualified personnel.
Discusses maintenance checks, including alarms, opto-isolators, output relays, and measurement accuracy.
Provides instructions for replacing the complete device or faulty PCBs, including safety precautions.
Assists in identifying error conditions on the IED and taking appropriate corrective action.
Lists and describes various protection functions, including current differential, teleprotection, and overcurrent.
Lists compliance with European directives (EMC, LVD, R&TTE), UL/CUL, and ATEX directives.
Contains settings for Current Differential protection, including Phase Diff, Phase Is1, Phase Is2, Phase K1, Phase K2, Ktransient, Is1 Restrain, Phase Time Delay, PIT Time, Ph CT Corr'tion, IbiasThreshold, Capacitor Comp., Ph Diff Stub Bus.
Contains settings for Earth Fault protection, including IN>1 Status, IN>1 Function, IN>1 Directional, IN>1 Current Set, IN>1 Time Delay, IN>1 TMS, IN>1 Time Dial, IN>1 Reset Char, IN>2 Status, IN>2 Function, IN>2 Directional, IN>2 Current Set, IN>2 Time Delay.
Contains settings for Sensitive Earth Fault (SEF) and Restricted Earth Fault (REF) protection.
Contains settings for Thermal Overload protection, including Characteristic, Thermal Trip, Thermal Alarm, Time Constant 1, and Time Constant 2.
Contains settings for Voltage protection, including Under Voltage, Over Voltage, and Compensated Overvoltage.
Contains settings for circuit breaker control, including CB Control by, Close Pulse Time, Trip Pulse Time, Man Close Delay, CB Healthy Time, Check Sync Time, CB mon LO reset, and Rst CB mon LO by.
Provides general guidelines for commissioning IEDs, emphasizing verification of hardware and software settings.
Ensures the device is not physically damaged, is functioning correctly, and has measurements within tolerances.
Verifies integrity of VT and CT readings by applying secondary injection tests.
Procedure for testing with real values without operating plant, involving setting modes and injecting real signals.
Procedure for testing with simulated values without operating plant, involving setting modes and injecting simulated signals.
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