The presence of a water trap with a filter can, in some cases, cause the solubility of some gases in water during a flue gas
analysis.
• Customers management
The analyser allows to record customers, theirs respective boilers and inspections. Once the features of customers and boilers are completed in the
analyser, the operator can easily assign the different measured values to a customer and his boiler. These data can then printed and/or transferred
to a computer thanks to LIGAZ-2 software.
• Auto-zero
The analyser has the “auto-zero in the duct” function, it means that the operator can perform measurements (draft, temperature...) while the analyser
inhales fresh air in the room. This function allows to save time on the inspection locations.
• CO dilution
The instrument has the CO dilution function that allows to avoid high CO concentrations. These high concentrations can damage the analyser and
its sensors. This function allows to increase the CO concentration without damage the sensor. In dilution function, the range becomes 0-5% (50 000
ppm). The dilution can also be activated during a flue gas analysis by pressing the OK key of the instrument.
• Opacity index measurement (optional)
It is possible to fill in the analyser with opacity index values measured according to the Bacharach scale. The analyser will calculate the average and
results will be printed on the ticket. This measurement must be performed with an opacity pump which is available as an accessory (ref: PMO).
• Gas network leak testing (optional)
It is possible to check the tightness of an installation. For this control, use the pressure sensor used for the differential pressure measurement (ref:
KEG).
• Gas flow
It is possible to measure the gas flow of an installation, to compare it with a theoretical gas flow and as a result to estimate the installation
consumption.
• Measured values
- O
2
: percentage of oxygen in flue gases
- CO: concentration of CO in flue gases
- NO: concentration of NO in flue gases
- NO
2
: concentration of NO
2
in flue gases
- SO
2
: concentration of SO
2
in flue gases
- Tf: flue gases temperature
- Ta: combustive air temperature
• Calculated values
- λ: Air Excess : connection between the volume of combustive air and the requested volume necessary for a combustion in
stoichiometric conditions.
- CO
2
: percentage of carbon dioxide in flue gases.
- ΔT: difference between the flue gases temperature and the combustive air temperature.
- NOx: concentration of NOx in flue gases (calculated with the NO sensor, or measured with the NO and NO
2
sensors)
- Qs: percentage of waste heat throughout the chimney.
- ηs: Lower efficiency (or sensible): calculated burner efficiency. This is a ratio between the conventional heating power and the burner
heating power. Among the combustion losses, only the sensible heat lost with the flue gases is taken into account, neglecting the radiation
losses and incomplete combustion losses. This value is referred to LHV (Lower Heating Value) and can not be higher than 100%.
The sensible efficiency value is to be compared with the minimum efficiency stated for the heating systems performances.
- ηt: Higher efficiency (or total): is the sum of sensible efficiency and the additional efficiency deriving from the recovery of water vapour
condensation contained in the flue gases. When it s greater than sensible efficiency, then condensation is taking place. It is referred to
LHV (Lower Heating Value) and can exceed 100%. The LHV is calculated by an algorithm developed by Kimo and its value must be
considered as indicative.
- CO (O
2
): Concentration of CO in flue gases in mg/m
3
. It is calculated according to O
2
reference value indicated in the analyser
(see page 20).
- NO (O
2
): Concentration of NO in flue gases in mg/m
3
. It is calculated according to O
2
reference value indicated in the analyser
(see page 20).
- NOx (O
2
): Concentration of NOx in flue gases in mg/m
3
. It is calculated according to O
2
reference value indicated in the analyser
(see page 20)
10 Introduction
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