Cardiology 6-39
Dodge, H.T., Sandler, D.W., et al., "The Use of Biplane Angiography for the Measurement of
Left Ventricular Volume in Man," American Heart Journal, 1960, Vol. 60, pp. 762-776.
Belenkie, Israel, et al., "Assessment of Left Ventricular Dimensions and Function by
Echocardiography," American Journal of Cardiology, June 1973, pg. 31.
ESV (Cube):
Dodge, H.T., Sandler, D.W., et al., "The Use of Biplane Angiography for the Measurement of
Left Ventricular Volume in Man," American Heart Journal, 1960, Vol. 60, pp. 762-776.
Belenkie, Israel, et al., "Assessment of Left Ventricular Dimensions and Function by
Echocardiography," American Journal of Cardiology, June 1973, pg. 31.
Fractional Shortening (FS):
Belenkie, Israel, et al., "Assessment of Left Ventricular Dimensions and Function by
Echocardiography," American Journal of Cardiology, June 1973, Vol. 31.
MVCF:
Colan, S.D., Borow, K.M., Neumann, A., “Left Ventricular End-Systolic Wall Stress-Velocity of
Fiber Shortening Relation: A Load-Independent Index of Myocardial Contractility,” J Amer Coll
Cardiol, October, 1984, Vol. 4, No. 4,pp. 715-724.
Snider, A.R., Serwer, G.A., Echocardiography in Pediatric Heart Disease, Year Book Medical
Publishers, Inc., Littleton, MA, 1990, p. 83.
Teichholz:
Teichholz, L.E., et al., "Problems in Echocardiographic Volume Determinations:
Echocardiographic-Angiographic Correlations in the Presence or Absence of Asynergy,"
American Journal of Cardiology, January 1976, Vol. 37, pp. 7-11
LVMW:
John H. Phillips, “Practical Quantitative Doppler Echocardiography” , CRC Press, 1991, .Page
96.
LV MASS-I:
John H. Phillips, “Practical Quantitative Doppler Echocardiography” , CRC Press, 1991, .Page
96.
LA/Ao:
Roelandt, Joseph, Practical Echocardiology, Ultrasound in Medicine Series, Vol. 1,Denis White,
ed., Research Studies Press, 1977, p. 270.
Schiller, N.B., et al., “Recommendations for Quantification of the LV by Two-Dimensional
Echocardiography,” J Am Soc Echo, Sept-Oct, 1989, Vol. 2, No. 5,p. 364.
MV CA/CE:
Maron, Barry J., et al., “Noninvasive Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by
Pulsed Doppler Echocardiography in Patients with Hypertrophic
Cardiomyopathy, J Am Coll Cardio, 1987, Vol. 10, pp. 733-742.
MV E/A:
Maron, Barry J., et al., "Noninvasive Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by
Pulsed Doppler Echocardiography in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy," Journal of
the American College of Cardiology, 1987, Vol. 10, pp. 733-742.
Pressure Half Time (PHT):
Oh, J.K., Seward, J.B., Tajik, A.J. The Echo Manual. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1994,
p.59-60
Mitral valve area: