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16 ISO Character Set and Conversion Rules
Conversion Rules
Since different operating systems use different character sets, it is
possible that a CD which is written or burned with one system
cannot be read by a different system. Because of this, ISO 9660 has
been accepted as the standard. The characters allowed in ISO 9660
are permitted in all of the common data structures of the most
frequent operating systems. As a result, ISO 9660 imposes
significant limitations on the letters and characters which are
permitted for assigning names. Nero therefore makes provisions for
the ISO 9660 character set as well as for the DOS and ASCII
character sets.
For ISO, DOS and ASCII, there is the further division between the a-
character set and the d-character set, which are listed below. For
ISO 9660, there is yet another differentiation between two different
levels:
• Level 1 limits the length of a file name to a maximum of eight
characters. When a file extension is to follow this, there is a ‘.’
separation sign and a three-character file extension.
• The folder name may have a maximum length of eight
characters in Level 1.
• At Level 2, the length for the file and folder names may total a
maximum of 31 characters.
The following rules are generally observed:
• The d-character set is a sub-set of the a-character set.
• For file and folder names, the d-character set is always used.
• The following are valid for the fields of the volume descriptor:
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