Basic Principles of Serial Data Transmission 
  2.2 Transmission Procedure with a Point-to-Point Connection 
Point-to-point connection CP 440 Installation and Parameter Assignment 
Manual, 09/2007, A5E00057742-03 
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2.2 Transmission Procedure with a Point-to-Point Connection 
Introduction 
When data are transmitted, all communication partners must adhere to a fixed set of rules for 
handling and implementing data traffic. The ISO has defined a 7-layer model, which is 
recognized as the basis for a worldwide standardization of transmission protocols for 
computer-to-computer communication. 
ISO 7-Layer Reference Model for Data Transmission 
All communication partners must adhere to a fixed set of rules for handling and implementing 
data traffic. Such rules are called protocols. 
A protocol defines the following: 
●  Operating mode 
Half-duplex or full-duplex operation 
●  Initiative 
Which communication partners can initiate data transmission and under what conditions 
●  Control characters 
Which control characters are to be used for data transmission 
●  Character frame 
Which character frame is to be used for data transmission 
●  Data backup 
The data backup procedure to be used 
●  Character delay time 
The time period within which an incoming character must be received 
●  Transmission speed 
The baud rate in bits/s 
Procedure 
This is the specific process according to which the data is transmitted. 
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