SonoSite S-Cath - Page 139

Chapter 7: References 129
References
Cross Sectional Area (CSA) in cm
2
Reynolds,Terry.TheEchocardiographer’sPocket
Reference.2nded.,SchoolofCardiacUltrasound,
ArizonaHeartInstitute,(2000),383.
CSA=0.785*D
2
where: D=diameteroftheanatomyof
interest
Deceleration Time in msec
Reynolds,Terry.TheEchocardiographer’sPocket
Reference.2nded.,SchoolofCardiacUltrasound,
ArizonaHeartInstitute,(2000),453.
|timea‐timeb|
Delta Pressure: Delta Time (dP:dT) in
mmHg/s
Otto,C.M.TextbookofClinicalEchocardiography.
2nded.,W.B.SaundersCompany,(2000),117,
118.
32 mmHg/timeintervalinseconds
E:A Ratio in cm/sec
E:A=velocityE/velocityA
E/Ea Ratio
Reynolds,Terry.TheEchocardiographer’sPocket
Reference.2nded.,SchoolofCardiacUltrasound,
ArizonaHeartInstitute,(2000),225.
EVelocity/Eavelocity
where: Evelocity=MitralValveEvelocity
Ea=annularEvelocity,alsoknown
as:Eprime
Effective Regurgitant Orifice (ERO) in mm
2
Reynolds,Terry.TheEchocardiographer’sPocket
Reference.2nded.,SchoolofCardiacUltrasound,
ArizonaHeartInstitute,(2000),455.
ERO=6.28(r
2
)*Va/MRVel
where: r=radius
Va=aliasingvelocity
Ejection Fraction (EF), percent
Oh,J.K.,J.B.Seward,A.J.Tajik.TheEchoManual.
2nded.,Lippincott,Williams,andWilkins,
(1999),40.
EF=((LVEDV–LVESV)/LVEDV)*100%
where: EF=EjectionFraction
LVEDV=LeftVentricularEnd
DiastolicVolume
LVESV=LeftVentricularEnd
SystolicVolume
Elapsed Time (ET) in msec
ET=timebetweenvelocitycursorsin
milliseconds
Heart Rate (HR) in bpm
HR=3digitvalueinputbyuserormeasuredon
MModeandDopplerimageinoneheartcycle
Interventricular Septum (IVS) Fractional
Thickening, percent
Laurenceau,J.L.,M.C.Malergue.TheEssentialsof
Echocardiography.LeHague:MartinusNijhoff,
(1981),71.
IVSFT=((IVSS–IVSD)/IVSD)*100%
where: IVSS=InterventricularSeptal
ThicknessatSystole
IVSD=InterventricularSeptal
ThicknessatDiastole
Isovolumic Relaxation Time (IVRT) in msec
Reynolds,Terry.TheEchocardiographer’sPocket
Reference.SchoolofCardiacUltrasound,Arizona
HeartInstitute,(1993),146.
|timea‐timeb|
Left Atrium/Aorta (LA/Ao)
Feigenbaum,H.Echocardiography.Philadelphia:
LeaandFebiger,(1994),206,Figure4‐49.