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MAWS101
Vaisala MAWS101 User Manual
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PUBLISHED BY
Vaisala Oyj
Phone (int.):
+358 9 8949 1
P.O. Box 26
Fax:
+358 9 8949 2227
FIN-00421 Helsinki
Finland
Visit our Internet pages at
http://www.vaisala.c
om/
© Vaisala 2002
No part of this manual may be reproduced in an
y form or by an
y
means,
electronic or mechanical (including photocop
ying), nor may its contents be
communicated to a third party without prior written permission of the copyright
holder.
The contents are subject to change without prior notice.
1
3
Table of Contents
Default Chapter
3
Table of Contents
3
Chapter 1 General Information
13
About this Manual
13
Safety
14
General Safety Considerations
14
Product Related Safety Precautions
14
ESD Protection
16
Version Information
17
Related Manuals
17
Table 1 Manual Revisions
17
Table 2 Related Manuals
17
Warranty
18
Chapter 2 Product Overview
19
Introduction to MAWS
19
MAWS101 Mini AWS
19
MAWS201 Mobile AWS
20
Figure 1 Components of MAWS101 Weather Station
20
Figure 2 Components of MAWS201 Weather Station
21
Product Nomenclature
22
Table 3 MAWS Nomenclature (Basic Set)
22
Table 4 MAWS Nomenclature (Sensor Options)
22
MAWS Software
23
Operating Software
23
Table 5 MAWS Nomenclature (Communication Options)
23
Table 6 Installation Accessories
23
Table 7 MAWS Nomenclature (Optional Accessories)
23
Lizard Setup Software
24
MAWS Terminal
24
QML102 AWS Logger
25
Figure 3 QML102 Logger
25
Figure 4 QML102 Logger Without the Cover
26
Memory Expansion Board (Optional)
26
Power Supplies
27
Figure 5 QMC102 Memory Expansion Board
27
Figure 6 Compact Flash Memory Card Readers
27
Internal Battery
28
Solar Panels
28
Figure 7 SOLAR6 Solar Panel
28
SOLAR6 with MAWS201
28
SOLAR6-75 with MAWS101
29
Mains Power Supplies
29
A Wall Adapter
29
Qmp213
29
Figure 8 QMP213 Mains Power Supply
30
Figure 9 QMP201C Solar/Mains Power Supply
30
Qmp201C
30
BWT15SX Mains Power Supply
31
Figure 10 QBR101 Battery Regulator
31
QBR101 Battery Regulator
31
Sensors
32
Wind Sensor
32
Figure 11 QMW101 Wind Sensor
32
Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor
33
Figure 12 QMH101 Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor
33
Pressure Sensor
34
Precipitation Sensors
34
Figure 13 PMT16A Pressure Sensor
34
Figure 14 QMR101 Rain Gauge
34
Qmr101
34
Figure 15 QMR102 Rain Gauge
35
Qmr102
35
Solar Radiation Sensors
36
Figure 16 QMS101 Pyranometer
36
Figure 17 QMS102 Pyranometer
36
Qms101
36
Qms102
36
Qmn101
37
Soil Temperature Sensors
37
Figure 18 QMN101 Net Radiation Sensor
37
Figure 19 QMT103 Soil/Water Temperature Sensor
37
Qmt103
37
Figure 20 QMT107 Soil Temperature Sensor
38
Qmt107
38
Soil Moisture Sensor
39
Water Level Sensors
39
Figure 21 Ml2X Soil Moisture Sensor
39
Figure 22 QMV101 Water Level Sensor
39
Qmv101
39
Figure 23 QMV102 Water Level Sensor
40
Qmv102
40
Leaf Wetness Sensor
41
Fuel Moisture Sensor
41
Figure 24 QLW101 Leaf Wetness Sensor
41
Communication Devices
42
Communication Modules
42
Dsu232
42
Figure 25 QFM101 Fuel Moisture Sensor
42
Figure 26 Communication Modules
42
Dsi485A
43
Dsi486
43
Modem DMX501
44
SATELLINE 3AS Radio Modem
44
Figure 27 SATELLINE 3AS Radio Modem
44
Accessories
45
Masts for MAWS101
45
Dkp102
45
Figure 28 Installation Mast with Accessories
45
Dkp12
46
Sensor Arm
46
Carry Case Sets
46
Figure 29 QMA101 Sensor Arm
46
Qmm110
46
Figure 30 QMM110 Carry Case Set
47
Figure 31 QMM120 Carry Case Set
47
Qmm120
47
Chapter 3 Installation
49
Preparing Installation
49
Table 8 Overview of Installation
49
Unpacking Instructions
50
Siting the Station
50
Wind
51
Air Temperature and Relative Humidity
51
Figure 32 Siting the Station
51
Precipitation
52
Solar Radiation
52
Soil Temperature
52
Soil Moisture
53
Water Level
53
Fuel Moisture
54
Figure 33 QMV101/QMV102 Sensor in Water
54
Installing MAWS Basic Components
55
Figure 34 Tube Securing Hand Screws
55
Figure 35 Logger Cover Screw
55
Figure 36 Pressure Sensor Tube Connection
56
Figure 37 Battery Connectors
57
Figure 38 Aligning Pin and Hand Screws
57
Figure 39 O-Rings for Sealing the Tube
57
Figure 40 Wind Sensor Attachment
58
Figure 41 Upper Tube Attachment
58
Installing MAWS101 to a Mast
59
On DKP102
59
Figure 42 Sensor Arm Support Attachment
59
Figure 43 Sensor Arm Assembly
59
Figure 44 DKP12 Attachment to a Foundation
60
On DKP12
61
Figure 45 Maws101 Fixed to the Pole with Clamps
61
Figure 46 Wind Sensor QMW110 with DKP12 Mast
62
Figure 47 Installing the Protective Cover Screw
62
On any Wooden Pole or Wall
63
Figure 48 Installation Arm
63
Figure 49 MAWS101 Fixed to a Wooden Pole with Screws
63
Installing MAWS201 to the Tripod
64
Figure 50 Mechanical Structure of MAWS201
64
Assembling the Tripod
65
Figure 51 Tripod's Leg Attachment
65
Figure 52 Tripod's Leg Adjustment and Peg Hole
65
Installing Power Supply
66
Installing Solar Panel
66
Figure 53 Tripod's Leg Attachment
66
Figure 54 Solar Panel Fixture
67
Figure 55 Solar Panel Angle Adjustment
67
Figure 56 Metallic Connector for Solar Panel
68
Figure 57 Plastic Connector for Solar Panel
68
Figure 58 Wires' Connection to the Terminals
68
Figure 59 Solar Panel Connector Assembly
69
Figure 60 Connector Attached
69
Figure 61 Map of Latitudes
70
Table 9 Recommended Tilt Angle for Solar Panel
70
Installing a QMP Power Supply
71
Figure 62 QMP213 with Installation Accessories
71
QMP213 Mains Power Supply
71
Figure 63 Parts of QMP201C
72
QMP201C Solar/Mains Power Supply
72
Installing Sensors
73
Connecting Cables
73
Table 10 Default Lower Base Connectors
73
Installing Pressure Sensor
74
Table 11 Default Upper Base Connectors
74
Installing Wind Sensor
75
Aligning Wind Vane
75
Figure 64 PMT16A Location on the Logger
75
Using Winddircal0 Command
75
Figure 65 Aligning the Wind Vane
76
Using Compass and Reference Point
76
Installing Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor
77
Installing Rain Gauges
77
Figure 66 QMH101 Probe and the Radiation Shield
77
Qmr101
77
Figure 67 Mounting Plates Attachment
78
Figure 68 Rain Gauge Attachment
78
Installing on the Stand RG35003
78
Qmr102
78
Figure 69 Rain Gauge Installed on a Stand
79
Figure 70 Rain Gauge Attachment
79
Installing on a RGB1 Base Plate
79
Figure 71 Rain Gauge Pedestal Plate Dimensions
80
Installing on a Pedestal
80
Figure 72 Assembling QMR102 on the Ground with Pedestal Plate
81
Figure 73 Funnel Fixing Screw
81
Finalizing the Installation
81
Figure 74 QMR102 Adjustment and the Foam Location
82
Figure 75 Wiring Diagram of QMR102
82
Installing Solar Radiation Sensors
83
Figure 76 Installing QMS101 or QMS102 Pyranometer on
83
Qmn101
83
Qms101/Qms102
83
Installing Soil Temperature Sensors
84
Figure 77 Installing QMN101 Net Radiometer
84
Qmt103
84
Qmt107
84
Figure 78 Drilling Procedure
85
Figure 79 Cleaning the Auger with a Screwdriver
85
Figure 80 Soil Temperature Probe Inserted Correctly, Arrow Pointing to Ground Level Line
86
Installing Soil Moisture Sensor
87
Figure 81 Ml2X Soil Moisture Sensor
87
Installing Water Level Sensors
88
Figure 82 Buried Ml2X Sensors
88
Qmv101/Qmv102
88
Table 12 Cable Pins of Ml2X Soil Moisture Sensor
88
Installing Leaf Wetness Sensor
89
Figure 83 Mounting QLW101 to a Wooden Surface
89
On the Wooden Surface
89
To a Pole Mast
89
Figure 84 Mounting QLW101 to a Pole
90
Figure 85 QLW101 Installed on Sensor Arm
90
Finalizing the Installation
90
To the Sensor Arm
90
Installing Fuel Moisture Sensor
91
Figure 86 Adapter Installed to Connector
91
Table 13 Cable Pins of QLW101 Leaf Wetness Sensor
91
Figure 87 Installing the Sensor with the Clamp
92
Installing Communication Devices
93
Installing Communication Modules
93
Figure 88 Adapter Installed to Connector
93
Table 14 Modified Wiring with QFM101
93
Installing SATELLINE 3AS Radio Modem
94
Figure 89 Module Placement
94
Table 15 Default Configuration for Communication Modules
94
Figure 90 Radio Modem and the Fixture
95
Installing Accessories
96
External Memory Expansion Board
96
Figure 91 Wire Modifications with Radio Modem
96
Figure 92 Communication Modules Removed
97
Figure 93 External Memory Expansion Board Installed
97
Installing Software
98
Installing Embedded Software
98
Installing MAWS Terminal
98
Installing Lizard
98
Disassembly of MAWS201 for Transportation
99
QMT107 Probe Extraction
99
Figure 94 Probe Extraction
100
Packing Instructions
101
Figure 95 QMM110 Carry Case Set
101
Figure 96 QMM120 Carry Case Set
101
Chapter 4 Operation
103
Operation Principle
103
Taking MAWS into Use
104
Aligning the MAWS201 Station
104
Figure 97 Aligning MAWS201 on the Northern Hemisphere
104
Quick Start Instructions
105
Table 16 Quick Start Instructions
105
Establishing Terminal Connection
106
Figure 98 Connecting the Terminal Cable
106
Using MAWS Terminal Software
107
Selecting the Language
107
Figure 99 COM0 Pins for the Terminal Connector
107
Figure 100 Select Language Window
107
MAWS Terminal Main Window
108
Figure 101 MAWS Terminal Main Window
108
Figure 102 MAWS Terminal Showing Report
109
Table 17 Description of the Toolbar
109
Defining MAWS Terminal Settings
110
Figure 103 Directories Tab in Preferences Window
110
Preferences Window
110
Table 18 Description of Preference Window Tabs
111
Address Book Window
112
Opening MAWS Service Connection
112
Figure 104 Address Book Window
112
Figure 105 Address Book Window When Connecting to MAWS
113
Giving Commands
114
Table 19 Interpreting Help Texts (the Correct Syntax)
114
Closing MAWS Service Connection
115
Modifying Station Settings
115
Figure 106 MAWS Station Settings Window
116
Table 20 Description of MAWS Station Settings Window
116
Managing User Levels
117
MAWS Configuration File
118
Selecting Configuration File
118
Table 21 Accessible Commands in Different User Levels
118
Uploading Configuration File
119
Data Logging
120
Figure 107 Selecting an Upload Configuration File
120
Table 22 Log Memory Capacity
121
Controlling Logging
122
Log Data Format
122
Table 23 Log Entry Status
122
Freeing up Logging Space
123
Working with Data Log Files
123
Figure 108 Select Log Files for Download Window
124
Selecting Files for Downloading
124
Downloading Files
125
Figure 109 Set Download Preferences Window
125
Browsing Downloaded Files
126
Figure 110 Confirming File Deletion after Download
126
Figure 111 Offline Query Window for Browsing Data Log Files
127
Figure 112 Select Data Items Window
127
Figure 113 Offline Query Window with Data Items
128
Converting Data Log Files to CSV Format
129
Using External Memory Card
129
Figure 114 Selecting a Binary Log File for CSV Conversion
129
Resetting MAWS
130
Table 24 LED Blinking Sequences and Card Status Options
130
Command Reference for Terminal Connection
131
Table 25 Command Set
131
Chapter 5 Maintenance
135
Routine Maintenance and Calibration
135
Overall Checking
137
Sensors and Accessories
137
Solar Panel
137
Wind Sensor
137
Figure 115 QMW101/QMV110 Sensor Assembly
139
Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor
140
Figure 116 QMH101 Probe Maintenance
140
Humidity Calibration
140
Changing the HUMICAP ® 180 Humidity Sensor
141
Pressure Sensor
141
Table 26 Greenspan's Calibration
141
Calibration
142
Precipitation Sensors
142
Qmr101
142
Table 27 Calibration Procedure
142
Calibration
143
Qmr102
143
Figure 117 Static Calibration
144
Figure 118 Dynamic Calibration
145
Figure 119 Dynamic Calibration (Constant Head)
146
Solar Radiation Sensors
147
Qms101
147
Table 28 Calibration Factors
147
Qmn101
148
Qms102
148
Soil Temperature Sensors
148
Qmt103
148
Qmt107
149
Soil Moisture Sensor
149
Water Level Sensors
149
Qmv101/Qmv102
149
Leaf Wetness Sensor
150
Fuel Moisture Sensor
150
Cable Maintenance
150
Spare Parts
151
Available Spare Parts
151
Ordering Spare Parts
151
Table 29 Available Spare Parts
151
Chapter 6 Troubleshooting
153
Data Validation
153
The LASTVAL Command
154
Software Operation
155
System Information
157
Table 30 some Common Problems and Their Remedies
157
Connection Problems
158
Commands
159
Table 31 some Common Connecting Problems and Their Remedies
159
Table 32 Error Messages
159
Battery Status
160
Determining MAWS Operation Mode
160
Power Supply
161
Solar Panel
161
Getting Help
161
Table 33 Determining Operation Mode by LED Flashing
161
Table 34 Troubleshooting the Solar Panel
161
Return Instructions
162
Chapter 7 Technical Data
163
Connector Block Descriptions
163
Figure 120 Connector Blocks
164
Wiring Diagrams
165
Table 35 Description of Analog Measurement Channels
165
Table 36 Description of the Power Channel
165
Dsu232
166
Figure 121 Basic Wiring Diagram
166
Dsi485A
167
Figure 122 DSU232 Wiring Diagram
167
Figure 123 Suggested T-Connection in Dual Port Mode
167
Dsi486
168
Figure 124 DSI485A Wiring Diagram
168
Figure 125 DSI486 Wiring Diagram for Dual RS-485
168
Figure 126 DSI486 Default Jumper Locations
169
Figure 127 DSI486 Wiring Diagram for RS-485 and RS-232
169
Table 37 the Jumper Settings for Channel B in the RS-485 Mode
169
Dmx501
170
Figure 128 DMX501 Wiring Diagram
170
Table 38 the Jumper Settings for Channel B in the RS-232 Mode
170
Connectors
171
Qmt107
171
Battery Charging
171
Figure 129 Connector of QMT107 (Viewed from Connecting Side)
171
Table 39 Cable Wire Connections
171
Power Supply and Battery Types
172
Battery Sensing
172
External Power Supply
172
Lead Batteries
173
Solar Cell
173
Primary Cells
174
Lead Battery Charger Operation
174
Normal Charging
174
Quick Charging
175
Float Charging
176
Temperature Protection
176
Specifications
177
QML102 Logger
177
Table 40 QML102 Logger Specifications
177
Accessories
178
Table 41 SOLAR6 Solar Panel Specifications (MAWS201)
178
Table 42 SOLAR6-75 Solar Panel Specifications (MAWS101)
178
Table 43 SOLAR12 Solar Panel Specifications (QMP201C)
178
Table 44 7 Ah Backup Battery Specifications (Inside QMP201C)
179
Table 45 QBR101 Battery Regulator Specifications (Inside QMP201C)
179
Table 46 BWT15SX Mains Power Supply Unit Specifications (Inside QMP201C)
180
Sensors
181
Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor
181
Pressure Sensor
181
Table 47 QMW101/QMV110 Combined Wind Sensor Specifications
181
Table 49 PMT16A Pressure Sensor Specifications
181
Wind Sensors
181
Precipitation Sensors
182
Solar Radiation Sensors
182
Table 50 QMR101 Rain Gauge Specifications
182
Table 51 QMR102 Rain Gauge Specifications
182
Table 52 QMS101 Global Solar Radiation Sensor Specifications
182
Table 53 QMS102 Global Solar Radiation Sensor Specifications
183
Table 54 QMN101 Net Solar Radiation Sensor Specifications
183
Soil Temperature Sensors
184
Table 55 QMT103 Soil/Water Temperature Sensor Specifications
184
Table 56 QMT107 Soil Temperature Probe Specifications
184
Figure 130 Soil Moisture Sensor Dimensions
185
Soil Moisture Sensor
185
Table 57 Ml2X Soil Moisture Sensor Specifications
185
Figure 131 Wiring of QMV101 Water Level Sensor
186
Table 58 QMV101 Water Level Sensor Specifications
186
Table 59 QMV102 Water Level Sensor Specifications
186
Water Level Sensors
186
Fuel Moisture Sensor
187
Leaf Wetness Sensor
187
Table 60 QLW101 Leaf Wetness Sensor Specifications
187
Table 61 QFM101 Fuel Moisture Sensor Specifications
187
Communication Devices
188
Table 62 SATELLINE 3AS Radio Modem Specifications
188
Block Diagrams
189
Figure 132 QMT107 Soil Temperature Probe Block Diagram
189
Appendix A
191
Glossary
191
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Vaisala MAWS101 Specifications
General
Brand
Vaisala
Model
MAWS101
Category
Weather Station
Language
English
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