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Vaisala PWD22 User Manual

Vaisala PWD22
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USER'S GUIDE
Vaisala Present Weather Detecto
r
PWD22/52
M210543EN-E

Table of Contents

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Vaisala PWD22 Specifications

General IconGeneral
BrandVaisala
ModelPWD22
CategoryWeather Station
LanguageEnglish

Summary

CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INFORMATION

About This Manual

This manual provides information for installing, operating, and maintaining Vaisala Present Weather Detector PWD22/52.

Contents of This Manual

This manual consists of chapters covering general information, product overview, functional description, installation, operation, maintenance, troubleshooting, and technical data.

Version and Documentation Information

Version Information

Details manual revisions and release dates.

Related Manuals

Lists other relevant Vaisala product user guides.

Documentation Conventions

Explains warning, caution, and note highlighting.

Safety Precautions

General Warnings and Cautions

Covers electrical safety, handling, and operating environment hazards.

General Warnings and Cautions

Includes connector tightening and servicing personnel requirements.

ESD Protection and Recycling

ESD Protection Measures

Guidelines for handling sensitive electronic components to prevent static discharge damage.

Recycling Guidelines

Instructions for proper disposal of materials and the unit.

Regulatory and Legal Information

Regulatory Compliances

Lists EU directives and compliance standards.

Trademarks and License Agreement

Defines registered trademarks and software usage rights.

Warranty Information

Provides information on standard warranty terms and conditions.

CHAPTER 2 PRODUCT OVERVIEW

Introduction to Vaisala Present Weather Detector PWD22/52

Introduces the PWD22/52 as an intelligent, multi-variable sensor.

Product Hardware Structure

Using the PWD22/52

Describes typical usage and output interfaces.

Product Nomenclature

Component and Option Codes

Details the codes and common names for components and options.

CHAPTER 3 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

Optical Measurement Principles

Explains how visibility and precipitation are measured using light scatter.

Optical Measurement Components

Transmitter Unit PWT11

Describes the infrared LED, control circuits, and intensity monitoring.

Light Receiver Function

Details the photodiode, preamplifier, and signal processing.

Additional Measurement Sensors

Vaisala RAINCAP® Rain Sensor

Explains how the sensor estimates precipitation water content.

Additional Sensors (continued)

Background Luminance Sensor PWL111

Describes its use for aeronautical visibility and day/night detection.

Luminance Sensor Commands

BLSC and BLCAL Commands

Explains commands for controlling luminance measurement modes and calibration.

Temperature Sensor and Applications

Temperature Sensor Operation

Details the Pt100 thermistor for cross arm temperature measurement.

Product Applications

Discusses how PWD22/52 data is used in weather stations.

Internal Monitoring Systems

Built-in Test Functions

Monitors voltages, contamination, and program operation.

Internal Monitoring Details

Memory and Signal Monitoring

Explains memory checks and signal measurement monitoring.

Hardware Monitoring

Details the use of an ADC for measuring hardware signals and voltages.

Contamination Monitoring

Monitoring Transmitter and Receiver Contamination

Explains how the system monitors transmitter and receiver contamination.

CHAPTER 4 INSTALLATION

Selecting an Optimal Installation Site

Provides requirements for choosing a suitable location for accurate measurements.

Grounding and Lightning Protection

Equipment Grounding Procedures

Details grounding principles for protection against lightning and interference.

Internal and Remote Unit Grounding

Explains grounding of the enclosure and remote units.

Installation Procedures

Unpacking and Storage Instructions

Guides on handling, unpacking, and storing the equipment.

Mounting the Sensor

Mounting Instructions

Describes how to physically install the PWD22/52 unit.

Connecting the Sensor Cables

Cable Connection Procedure

Details how to connect the mast cable to the sensor.

Basic Wiring Configurations

Receptacle Connector Default Wiring

Provides a table for default wiring of the receptacle connector.

Power Supply and Heating Options

Powering Measurement Electronics

Specifies voltage requirements for measurement electronics.

Internal and PWL111 Heaters

Describes power for internal and optional luminance sensor heaters.

Hood Heater Power

Hood Heater Power Requirements

Specifies power requirements for optional hood heaters.

Communication Options Overview

Serial Communication Settings

Details default baud rate, data bits, parity, and stop bit.

RS-232 Serial Transmission

Explains wiring for RS-232 communication.

Communication Interfaces

RS-485 Multipoint Transmission

Describes RS-485 wiring for multi-sensor communication.

Maintenance Terminal Connection

Explains how to connect a computer for maintenance.

Relay Control Functions

Relay Control Logic and States

Explains how relay controls are driven by visibility limits and hardware status.

Relay Connection Diagrams

External Relay Connection Diagrams

Illustrates external relay connections for PWD22/52 supplies and external supply.

RELAY Command Usage

Setting and Displaying Relay States

Describes how to set and display relay control states.

Initial Setup and Configuration

Initial Settings and Commands

Details initial setup for communication and system parameters.

System Configuration Parameters

Default Settings Commands

Lists commands for changing baud rate, message mode, and sensor ID.

Weather Parameter Commands

Explains commands for displaying and setting weather analysis parameters.

System Verification Procedure

Startup Verification Steps

Outlines steps for verifying the sensor before connecting to a host system.

CHAPTER 5 OPERATION

Getting Started with Operation

Introduces automatic and polled modes, and user commands.

Operating Instructions and Commands

Initial Setup and Maintenance Commands

Refers to initial settings and routine maintenance operations.

Command Mode Operations

Entering and Exiting Command Mode

Explains the OPEN and CLOSE commands to manage communication line access.

Message Formatting and Types

Message Structure and Frame Strings

Describes the frame strings and content of data messages.

Message Data Content

Message 0 and Message 1 Details

Explains the output format and content for messages 0 and 1.

Message Data Content (continued)

Message 2, Message 3, and Message 4

Describes messages for present weather, status, and visibility sensors.

Message Data Content (continued)

Messages 5, 6, and 7

Describes message emulation and aviation-specific formats.

Automatic Message Sending Configuration

Configuring Automatic Message Sending

Explains how to configure message number and interval for automatic transmission.

Message Polling and Precipitation Sums

Message Polling Procedure

Details how to poll for specific messages from the host computer.

Precipitation Sums Management

Explains how the host computer can manage precipitation sum data.

Command Reference

MES and AMES Command Usage

Describes commands for displaying messages and configuring automatic/polled messages.

Weather Related Commands

WPAR Command for Parameters

Displays current weather analysis parameters.

WSET Command for Parameter Modification

Allows modification of weather analysis parameters.

Command Details

MES and AMES Command Details

Provides further details on MES and AMES commands.

Weather Parameter Settings

WPAR Parameter Display

Shows the output of the WPAR command.

WSET Parameter Modification

Explains how to modify parameters like precipitation limits.

Command Functions

CLRS Command for Precipitation Sums

Resets precipitation cumulative sums.

System Configuration Commands Overview

PAR Command for System Parameters

Displays current system parameters.

System Configuration Management

CONF Command for Configuration Updates

Allows setting or updating system parameters, including password protection.

CONF Command Example Output

Example of Configuration Command Response

Shows an example of the system response to configuration commands.

Heater and Communication Settings

Hood Heater Control

Explains default operation and manual control of hood heaters.

BAUD Rate Configuration

Details how to change the baud rate and communication type.

Analog Output Configuration

Mentions the default wiring and connection setup for analog output.

Analog Output Modes Explained

Analog Output Modes Overview

Introduces the different modes for analog output calculation.

Analog Output Mode Details

Mode 0 Description

Describes the standard linear visibility output mode.

Analog Output Mode Details (continued)

Mode 1 Description

Explains the logarithmic mode using ln(visibility).

Mode 2 Description

Describes the extinction mode for visibility.

Analog Output Mode Details (continued)

Mode 3 and Mode 4 Descriptions

Explains non-linear Videograph modes.

Analog Output Calibration Procedure

Outlines the steps for calibrating the analog output.

Analog Output Calibration Steps

ACAL Command Execution

Details the execution of the ACAL command for calibration.

Maintenance Commands List

STA, CAL, CLEAN, ZERO Commands

Lists commands for status, calibration, cleaning, and zero signal checks.

Maintenance Commands List (continued)

CHEC, DRY ON/WET Commands

Lists commands for calibrator checks and RAINCAP® sensor adjustment.

Maintenance Commands List (continued)

WET and HEAT Commands

Lists commands for RAINCAP® wet scale and heater testing.

Other Operational Commands

TIME Command Usage

Explains how to display and set the system time.

Other Operational Commands (continued)

DATE Command Usage

Explains how to display and set the system date.

Other Operational Commands (continued)

RESET and VER Commands

Describes commands for hardware reset and software version display.

CHAPTER 6 MAINTENANCE

Periodic Maintenance Overview

Outlines recommended periodic maintenance tasks.

Maintenance Tasks

Cleaning Sensor Lenses and Hoods

Provides a step-by-step procedure for cleaning optical surfaces.

Maintenance Tasks (continued)

Cleaning the RAINCAP® Sensor

Details cleaning instructions for the RAINCAP® sensor, including ESD precautions.

Calibration Importance

Discusses the need for visibility calibration checks.

Calibration Procedures

Visibility Calibration Steps

Explains the procedure for checking and adjusting visibility calibration.

Calibration Procedures (continued)

Calibration Check Procedure

Details the steps for performing a calibration check using plates.

Calibration Procedures (continued)

Calibration Procedure Execution

Describes the CAL command for performing calibration.

Removing and Replacing Components

Optical Unit Removal and Replacement

Guides on removing and replacing optical units like transmitter and receiver.

Optical Unit Replacement

Removing the Transmitter (PWT11)

Provides detailed steps for removing the transmitter module.

Optical Unit Replacement (continued)

Removing the Controller/Receiver (PWC22/52)

Details steps for removing the controller/receiver board.

Component Replacement Steps

Removing the PWC15PB Protection Board

Shows how to remove the protection board.

Component Replacement Steps (continued)

Removing the PWC22/52 Board

Details the process of removing the main PWC22/52 board.

Replacing the RAINCAP® Sensor

RAINCAP® Sensor Replacement Procedure

Provides instructions for replacing the RAINCAP® sensor.

CHAPTER 7 TROUBLESHOOTING

Common Problems and Solutions

Introduces common issues, causes, and remedies.

Troubleshooting Specific Issues

Warning/Alarm Messages

Guides on interpreting and resolving warning or alarm messages.

Missing Messages Troubleshooting

Provides steps to take if messages are not received.

Troubleshooting Specific Issues (continued)

Visibility Value Issues

Addresses problems with visibility values being too good or too low.

Troubleshooting Specific Issues (continued)

Precipitation Reporting Errors

Covers issues like false precipitation reports or incorrect frozen precipitation detection.

Electrical Troubleshooting

PWD22/52 Electrical Troubleshooting

Guides on diagnosing electrical issues, checking LEDs and connections.

Technical Support Contact

Provides contact information for Vaisala technical support.

Product Returns Process

Directs users on how to return products for service.

CHAPTER 8 TECHNICAL DATA

Product Specifications Overview

Introduces the chapter containing technical data.

Technical Specifications

Mechanical Specifications

Lists dimensions, weight, mounting, and material.

Electrical Specifications

Details power consumption, sensor electronics, outputs, and data.

Technical Specifications (continued)

Optical Specifications

Covers specifications for the light transmitter and receiver.

Visibility Measurement Specifications

Lists measurement range and accuracy for MOR.

Technical Specifications (continued)

Weather Sensing Specifications

Details precipitation detection, type identification, and reporting.

Environmental Specifications

Covers operating temperature, humidity, wind speed, and sun orientation.

APPENDIX A VALUES FOR INTERNAL MONITORING

Internal Monitoring Values

Provides typical values, min/max limits, and faults for STA message parameters.

Internal Monitoring Data

Hardware Error Texts

Lists specific hardware error texts and their descriptions.

Warning Codes

Lists warning codes and their descriptions.

APPENDIX B CONNECTORS AND JUMPER SETTINGS

PWC22/52 Connectors Overview

Shows the location of connectors on the processor/receiver board.

Connector and Jumper Details

Jumper Settings and Functions

Explains the function of various jumpers and connectors.

APPENDIX C CODE TABLES

NWS and WMO Code Tables

Introduces tables for weather codes.

WMO Code Tables

WMO SYNOP Codes

Lists SYNOP codes for weather types.

WMO Code Tables (continued)

WMO METAR Codes

Lists METAR codes for weather phenomena.

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