1.2.1. QUALITY DETERMINANTS IN X-RAY INTRAORAL RADIOGRAPHY
Image quality is linked to the precise and accurate acquisition of information from the x-ray beam transmitted
through the patient (ito the x-ray detector). Most problems in dental radiography are not the result of x-ray
equipment failure: the production of consistent and high quality x-ray diagnostic images, concurrent with mini-
mal patient exposure, depends generally on different components: quality performance of equipment, charac-
teristics of the modules used which affect the imaging system resolution (i.e.: x-ray image detector type and
relevant image processing chain, analogue or digital) and optimal performance of the operator.
Among the physical factors for achieving optimum image quality, the following can be considered:
- optimum optical density and Wiener spectrum,
- detectors for radiography must meet the needs of the specic radiological procedure where they will be used
and key parameters are spatial resolution, uniformity of response, contrast sensitivity, dynamic range, acquisi-
tion speed and frame rate
- minimization of motion blurring (using short exposure times),
- minimization of geometric blurring (reducing the focal spot size and/or of the object-lm distance),
- geometric distortions,
- correct positioning: errors in patient positioning when using uncoupled positioning devices during the various
typologies of x-ray examinations may lead to exposure errors, which require additional x-ray exposures, the-
reby increasing the radiation dose adsorbed by the patient.
This means that it is absolutely essential and mandatory that the operator consider the performances not only
of the X-MIND unity equipment itself, but the whole chain of components that bring to the nal x-ray diagnostic
image.
The essential parameters and relevant metrics which describe the performance of dental X-ray system, with
regard to imaging properties and patient dose, methods of testing and whether measured quantities related to
those parameters complying with the specied tolerances, are stated by the respective manufacturers and by
the requirements specied by the respective applicable standards.
Radiographic lms, lm processing, digital x-ray image detectors, and imaging plates are vital parts in the
imaging chain. It is responsibility of the operator to ensure that these components perform in an acceptable
way, with respect to sensitivity, contrast and absence of artifacts. A test of the performance of these compo-
nents shall precede any acceptance test measurement involving the irradiation of the x-ray detectors using the
X-MIND unity
1
.
WARNING
It is full responsibility of the operator and RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATIONS of the X-MIND unity to check that any kind of x-ray detectors used
with the X-MIND unity are in compliance with the requirements stated by their specic regulations in force and to the specications stated
by their respective manufacturers.
1.3. WARRANTY CONDITIONS
Inappropriate use or any arbitrary tampering with this equipment exempts, “de Götzen® S.r.l. - ACTEON
Group”, as manufacturer of the “X-MIND unity” x-ray system, from any service under warranty or from any
other liability
This warranty is valid only if the following precautions are taken. Please refer to the following warranty condi-
tions:
• Any repair, modication, adjustment, or any kind of technical intervention must be performed only
by de Götzen S.r.l. or by a qualied authorized representative
• The installation must be made by professionally qualied technicians according to the regulations in force.
• The system must be installed and used in compliance with the instructions given in this operator’s manual
and in its associated documentation.
• The device shall be used in compliance with the purposes and applications for which it is designed.
1 For example refer to IEC 61223-3-4 and similar standards.
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