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LB 444
BERTHOLD TECHNOLOGIES LB 444 User Manual
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Density
Meter
LB 444
Id. No 32816BA2
Rev. No.: 04 22.04.03
2
Table of Contents
Default Chapter
3
Table of Contents
3
1 Overview
11
2 System Description
12
Use and Function
12
Instrument Configuration (Operating Modes)
12
The Principle of Measurement
13
Figure 1: Principle of Measurement
13
Measuring Configuration
14
Figure 2: Measuring System Mounted on a Pipeline
14
3 Instrument Description
15
Radioactive Source
15
Shieldings
16
Shielding Types LB744
16
Figure 3: Shielding Container Type LB744
16
Shieldings with Pneumatically Operated Lock and Shutter Switch
17
Figure 4: Shielding Container Type LB 744X with Pneumatic Locking Drive
17
Shieldings for Installation in a Container with Manually Operated Lock
18
Figure 5: Shielding for Installation in a Container
18
Shieldings for Installation in a Container with Pneumatically Operated Lock and Shutter Switch
19
Figure 6: : Pneumatic Locking Mechanism, Not Ex-Protected
19
Figure 7 Shutter Switch for Ex-Protected Area
19
Detector
20
Evaluation Unit LB 444
20
General Description
20
Figure 8: Front Panel LB 444
20
Display
21
Keypad Function
21
Softkeys
21
Menu Structure
21
Figure 9: Softkeys Functions
22
Figure 10: Function Keys
23
4 Software Functions and System Configuration
27
General Data
27
Operating Mode
28
Parameter
29
Product Data
32
Calibrate
33
Live Display
36
Service Menu
36
Mass Flow
36
5 Installation
37
General Safety Precautions
37
Installation
38
Installation on Pipelines
38
Figure 11: Installation on a Horizontal Pipeline
38
Figure 12: Outdoor Installation
39
Figure 13: Installation on S or U-Shaped Measuring Path
39
Installation in a Container
40
Figure 14: External Installation of Shielding and Detector
40
Figure 15: Installation in a Container
40
Figure 16: Installation in a Container with Horizontal Flow
41
Figure 17: Installation in a Container with Vertical Flow
41
Water Cooling Installation
42
Figure 18: Installation of Water Cooling
42
Cooling Medium
43
Figure 19: Required Amount of Cooling Water
43
Installation of Resistance Thermometer Pt 100
44
Installation of Evaluation Unit
44
Electrical Connections
45
Detector
45
Figure 20: Cable Connections at Detector
45
Evaluation Unit LB 444
46
Figure 21: Terminal Connection Evaluation Unit (Rear Panel)
46
6 Getting Started
48
Quick Installation Overview
48
Getting Started
49
Figure 22: Rear View of Shielding Container Type LB 744
49
Figure 23: Locking Mechanism with Knurled Nut
50
Figure 24: Locking Mechanism with Spring Pin
50
Basic Settings
51
Calibration
52
Measurement
54
Error Messages
55
Error Messages Reset
55
Error Messages During Operation
55
Error Messages During Calibration
55
Error Messages During Measurement
56
System Start/Stop
58
7 Temperature Compensation
59
Temperature Measurement
59
Monitoring the Temperature Signal
59
Function of Temperature Compensation
60
Temperature Compensation in Suspensions
60
Calculation of Temperature Coefficients
60
Calculation of Square Temperature Coefficient
62
Reference Temperature
63
Temperature Coefficient Calculation Without Table Values
63
8 Calibration
65
Calibration Modes
65
One-Point Calibration
67
Figure 25: Influence of Absorption Coefficients on One-Point Calibration
68
Figure 26: One-Point Calibration with Additional Calibration Points
68
Two and Multi-Point Calibration
69
Figure 27: Example of Multi-Point Calibration
69
Correction of Analysis Values
70
Checking the Calibration
72
Radiating Interference Detection
73
Automatic Measuring Time Switchover
74
Figure 28: Response
74
Measurements of Suspensions
75
Figure 29: Density of Suspensions
75
Figure 30: Conversion Scheme
77
Calculating the Density of Individual Components
78
Correcting the Results: Addition and Multiplication
79
Additive Constant
79
Multiplication Factor
80
9 Technical Data
81
Evaluation Unit LB 444
81
Detectors
82
10 Service Instructions
84
General Safety Precautions
84
Evaluation Unit LB 444
84
Shielding and Source
86
Service Menu
87
Overview
87
Service Menu
88
Plateau Check
89
Figure 31: Plateau Curve
90
Detector
92
Checking the Crystal-Multiplier Assembly
92
Figure 32: Assembly of Scintillation Counter
92
Replacing the Evaluation Unit LB 444
94
11 Radiation Protection
95
Basics and Guidelines
95
Shielding Installation Safety Instructions
97
Radiation Dose Calculations
97
Emergency Instructions
99
12 Appendix
100
Absorption Coefficients
100
Temperature Coefficients
101
Density of Water as a Function of the Temperature
102
Setup Protocol
103
13 Dimensional Drawings
105
Detectors
105
Detectors with FM Certificate
107
Mounting Device 90° for Pipe Diameter 88.9
108
Mounting Device 90° for Pipe Diameter 21.3
109
Mounting Device 30 / 45
110
14 Ex- Certificates for Evaluation Unit
117
15 Ex-Certificate for the Detectors
120
4
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BERTHOLD TECHNOLOGIES LB 444 Specifications
General
Brand
BERTHOLD TECHNOLOGIES
Model
LB 444
Category
Measuring Instruments
Language
English
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