6.3.3 Strain measurements 74
6.3.4 AC excitation 76
6.3.5 Accuracy for resistance measurements 77
6.4 Period-averaging measurements 77
6.5 Pulse measurements 78
6.5.1 Low-level AC measurements 80
6.5.2 High-frequency measurements 80
6.5.2.1 U terminals 81
6.5.2.2 C terminals 81
6.5.3 Switch-closure and open-collector measurements 81
6.5.3.1 U Terminals 81
6.5.3.2 C terminals 82
6.5.4 Edge timing and edge counting 82
6.5.4.1 Single edge timing 82
6.5.4.2 Multiple edge counting 82
6.5.4.3 Timer input NAN conditions 83
6.5.5 Quadrature measurements 83
6.5.6 Pulse measurement tips 84
6.5.6.1 Input filters and signal attenuation 84
6.5.6.2 Pulse count resolution 85
6.6 Vibrating wire measurements 85
6.6.1 VSPECT® 86
6.6.1.1 VSPECT diagnostics 86
Decay ratio 86
Signal-to-noise ratio 86
Low signal strength amplitude warning 87
6.6.2 Improving vibrating wire measurement quality 87
6.6.2.1 Matching measurement ranges to expected frequencies 87
6.6.2.2 Rejecting noise 87
6.6.2.3 Minimizing resonant decay 87
6.6.2.4 Preventing spectral leakage 88
6.7 Sequential and pipeline processing modes 88
6.7.1 Sequential mode 88
6.7.2 Pipeline mode 89
6.7.3 Slow Sequences 89
7. Communications protocols 90
Table of Contents - iv