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General| Brand | Delphi |
|---|---|
| Model | Multec 3.5 |
| Category | Laboratory Equipment |
| Language | English |
Explains the importance of correct A/F ratio for complete combustion and emissions.
Discusses cylinder-to-cylinder variation and its impact on A/F ratios.
Explains design drivers like emissions regulations and performance, and options like dual spray.
Explains injector driver types and the Multec 3.5's use of saturated switch drivers.
Guides on determining injector flow rate based on engine requirements and fuel system pressure.
Provides guidelines for optimal injector placement and spray selection.
Discusses limits at high duty cycles and very low pulse-widths due to unstable response.
Explains the phenomenon occurring near static flow and its effect on performance.
Describes measures of injector flow curve linearity and variation.
Defines unmetered fuel leakage from the injector tip and its impact on emissions.
Details how flow is specified at dynamic and static calibration points.
Lists typical operating and extreme environmental conditions for the injector.
Provides recommendations for proper injector placement for long-term operation.
Covers electromagnetic compatibility, wire routing, and connector types.
Explains the engine controller's role in calculating pulse-width and injector driver types.
Briefly describes software components influencing air/fuel control and injector pulse-width.
Explains how injectors are modeled as linear devices for calibration.
Defines injector slope as characterizing maximum flow and how it's obtained.
Explains the need for an offset value and methods to determine it.
Describes table used to compensate for non-linear fuel flow at small pulse-widths.
Defines the minimum pulse-width below which the injector is not operated.
Explains how oxygen sensors provide feedback to maintain the correct air/fuel ratio.
Discusses injector firing schemes and optimizing timing for residence time.
Guides on proper injector and rail alignment for installation.
Provides guidelines to prevent damage during injector installation on the engine.
Guides on troubleshooting issues indicated by diagnostic trouble codes.
Outlines standard procedures for injector removal and replacement.
Explains how injector performance varies over its life due to wear and deposits.
Covers internal corrosion, external exposure, and plugging.
Explains how fuel deposits cause plugging and affect flow shifts.
Advises on designing systems to prevent overpressure exposure to injectors.
Explains engine hydro-lock and how to prevent it during fuel delivery.
Emphasizes testing under conditions approximating normal operation for accurate fueling.
Details testing for air/fuel distribution across cylinders in a dynamometer environment.
Describes real-world and generic bench testing to evaluate injector life.
Covers testing at the assembly plant for quality assurance.
Overviews recommended tests for calibration and requirements conformance.
Assesses effects of high ambient temperatures on driveability and startability.
Investigates optimum spray targeting and atomization for emissions performance.
Determines effects of extreme low ambient conditions on vehicle driveability.
Evaluates injector leak rate's effect on vehicle start times.
Develops and verifies low pulse-width corrections in calibration.
Recommends evaluating limit fuel systems to test calibration algorithms.
Defines typical and extreme temperature ranges and their effects.
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