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ARP 2600 User Manual

ARP 2600
118 pages
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TH SYNTHESI
SERIES
2600

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ARP 2600 Specifications

General IconGeneral
TypeAnalog Semi-Modular Synthesizer
Oscillators3 VCOs (Voltage Controlled Oscillators)
PolyphonyMonophonic
EffectsSpring Reverb
Year Released1971
ManufacturerARP Instruments, Inc.
Filter24 dB/oct low-pass filter
EnvelopesADSR
LFO1 LFO
Inputs/OutputsCV/Gate, Audio Input/Output
WeightApprox. 18 kg (40 lbs)

Summary

Important Do's and Don'ts

Study the Instruction Manual

Emphasizes careful and frequent reading of the manual for optimal use.

Avoid Front Panel Calibration Adjustments

Warns against adjusting recessed calibration points without proper familiarity.

Do Not Open the Synthesizer

Strict warning against opening the unit to avoid voiding the warranty.

Unpacking and Setting Up the ARP 2600

Manual Structure and Numbering Convention

Fundamental Concepts of Electronic Synthesis

Acoustical Waveforms and Electronic Generation

Explains how acoustical waveforms are generated and modified electronically.

Waveform Properties: Amplitude, Frequency, and Shape

Amplitude vs. Volume, Frequency vs. Pitch

Clarifies the distinction between physical waveform properties and perceived sound attributes.

Waveform Shape and Timbre/Tone Color

Explains how changes in waveform shape affect the perceived timbre or tone color of a sound.

Signal Generation: Oscillators and Noise

Oscillator Waveform Types

Lists and briefly describes the basic periodic waveforms generated by oscillators.

Noise Generator Types (White and Pink)

Explains the characteristics of white noise and pink noise.

Audio Frequencies and Human Hearing Range

Understanding Frequency Ranges (Audio, Subsonic, Ultrasonic)

Categorizes frequencies relative to human hearing and their properties.

Understanding Events: Shape, Envelope, and Contour

Event Shape as Envelope or Contour

Relates the shape of an event to its envelope or contour characteristics.

Circuitry Functions: Mixing, Filtering, Modulation

Waveform Mixing (Additive Synthesis)

Describes the process of adding waveforms together, akin to additive synthesis.

Waveform Filtering Techniques

Modulation Techniques (FM, AM)

Electronic Control: Voltage Control Concepts

Voltage-Controlled Components (VCO, VCF, VCA)

Details the design of synthesizers with voltage-controlled oscillators, filters, and amplifiers.

Control Signals: Triggers and Gates

Keyboard Controller Signal Outputs

Explains the gate, trigger, and control voltage signals generated by the keyboard.

Signal Types: Audio vs. Control Signals

Synthesizer Architecture and Connections

Patching and Connecting Internal Devices

Explains the methods used to connect synthesizer components, like patch cords or matrix boards.

Block Diagrams for Patch Connections

Understanding Block Diagram Conventions

Explains the conventions for drawing signal paths and control paths in block diagrams.

ARP Model 2600 Synthesizer Features

Compact, Portable, and Integrated Design

Describes the physical attributes of the ARP 2600, highlighting its portability and integrated nature.

Dependable, Rugged, and Flexible Construction

Details the reliability, robust build, and extensive flexibility of the ARP 2600.

Synthesizer Applications and Panel Overview

Live Performance and Teaching Features

Highlights features beneficial for live performance and educational purposes.

Initial Panel Familiarization and Controls

Guides the user through identifying the main controls on the synthesizer panel.

Front Panel Components: Jacks and Sliders

Understanding Input and Output Jacks

Categorizes and describes the various input and output jacks available on the panel.

Slider Controls: Attenuators and Functions

Explains the function of slider controls, particularly attenuators and their role.

Keyboard Unit and Prewired Connections

Keyboard Features and Prewired Signal Paths

Details keyboard controls and highlights the system's prewired connections.

Exploring Prewired Patches and Experimentation

Mixer and VCF Prewired Examples

Illustrates prewired connections involving the mixer and voltage-controlled filter.

Experimental Approach Guidelines

Offers advice on how to approach experimentation to understand synthesizer functions effectively.

Function Operating Characteristics

Overview of Voltage-Controlled Functions

Identifies the five primary voltage-controlled functions: three VCOs, VCF, and VCA.

Voltage Controlled Oscillators (VCOs)

VCO Operating Ranges and Control Inputs

Explains the operating ranges, manual controls, and frequency control inputs for each VCO.

VCO-1 Output Waveforms (Sawtooth, Square)

Details the sawtooth and square wave outputs from VCO-1.

Voltage Controlled Filter/Resonator (VCF)

Filter Operation: Cutoff Frequency (Fc)

Describes how the cutoff frequency (Fc) is controlled manually and by voltage.

Filter Resonance (Q) Control

Details the function of the resonance (Q) control and its effect on the filter's response.

Voltage Controlled Amplifier (VCA)

VCA Gain Control: Linear vs. Exponential Sensitivity

Differentiates between linear and exponential sensitivity for VCA control voltage inputs.

Noise Generator: Level and Color Controls

Noise Generator Signal Characteristics

Explains the output characteristics of the noise generator, including bandwidth and signal levels.

Control Functions: Envelope Generators

Envelope Generator Output and Gate Control

Explains how gate signals control envelope generator output and maximum voltage.

ADSR Envelope Generator Parameters

Describes the attack, decay, sustain, and release parameters of the ADSR generator.

Sample and Hold (S/H) Circuit

S/H Circuit Operation and Inputs

Details how the S/H circuit operates with signal and sample command inputs.

Envelope Follower Circuit

Envelope Follower Response Characteristics

Details the risetime, ripple, and use of the envelope follower.

Keyboard Controller Outputs

Keyboard Controller Controls: Tone Interval

Explains the Tone Interval control for adjusting pitch intervals across the keyboard.

Keyboard Tuning and Interval Controls

Ring Modulator (RM) Functionality

Ring Modulator: AC vs. DC Coupling Effects

Compares the effects of AC and DC coupling on ring modulator inputs and outputs.

Voltage Processors (Inverter and Lag)

Inverting Processor Functions

Explains the phase inversion and summing capabilities of the inverting processors.

Lag Processor Functionality

Details how the lag processor slows down sudden changes in input voltage.

Peripheral Equipment Overview

Microphone Preamp and Electronic Switch

Describes the microphone preamp's gain stages and the electronic switch's bidirectional nature.

Internal Clock and Mixer/Panpot Functions

Explains the internal clock oscillator and the mixer/panpot signal routing.

Multiple Outlet and Headphone Jack

Putting It All Together: Patching Strategy

Principles for Investigation and Patching

Outlines two key principles for synthesizer use: no damage potential and usefulness of connections.

Chapter Procedure and Diagram Conventions

Prewired Connections and Attenuator Settings

Discusses prewired connections and the importance of setting unused attenuators.

Block Diagram Abbreviations and Conventions

Defines abbreviations used in block diagrams and general path conventions.

The Classic Patch and Its Extensions

Basic Signal Path: Oscillator-Filter-Amplifier

Details the core signal flow of the classic patch, focusing on filtering and amplification.

Basic Patch Setup and Initial Settings

Initial Patch Experiment: VCO3-VCF-Mixer

Troubleshooting Common Patch Issues

Exploring VCO3 Sawtooth Output

Tuning Oscillators to Unison (Zero-Beating)

VCO2 Pulse Wave Output Characteristics

Pulse Width Modulation Effects

Demonstrates how adjusting pulse width affects the waveform and sound.

VCO Sine and Triangle Waveforms

Sine Wave Characteristics and Purity

Highlights the sine wave's purity and its role as a building block for other waveforms.

Noise Generator Input to the Filter

Filter Investigation with Noise and VCO2

Adjusting Filter Cutoff Frequency (Fc) Effect

Explains how lowering the cutoff frequency affects the noise signal by attenuating high frequencies.

Filter Resonance and Oscillation Effects

Harmonic Analysis with the VCF

VCF Timbre Control Experiments

Waveform Harmonic Structures and Timbre

Discusses the harmonic content of square, sine, and pulse waves and their timbre.

Filter Frequency Sweeping Techniques

VCA Functionality in the Signal Path

Manual vs. Voltage Control of VCA Gain

Compares manual gain control with voltage-controlled amplitude modulation.

Adding Voltage Control to the Basic Patch

Voltage Control and the VCA

Controlling VCA Gain with VCO2 Sine Wave

Details connecting VCO2 sine output to the VCA's linear control input for amplitude modulation.

Tremolo and Amplitude Modulation (AM) Effects

Further Research: Modulation Effects

VCO Substitution for Noise Source

Recommends substituting VCOs for the noise generator to explore modulation.

VCA Output Variations with Waveforms

Explores AM effects by varying signal and control frequencies and levels.

Controlling the VCA with Envelope Generators

AR Envelope Generator Control of VCA

Details using the AR envelope generator with manual start and release controls to shape VCA output.

ADSR Envelope Voltage Controlling the VCF

Demonstrating VCF Event Creation with ADSR

Shows how the VCF can create audible events when controlled by an ADSR envelope.

Vibrato Effects with ADSR and VCO2 Control

Controlling VCOs with Control Voltages

Frequency Modulation (FM) Effects

Describes the creation of frequency modulation effects by using one oscillator to control another.

Noise Generator-VCF-VCA Patch

Ring Modulator-VCF-VCA Patch

Investigating Ring Modulation Functionality

Guides users to explore the ring modulator's interaction with VCF and VCA.

The General Performance Patch (5.14)

Learning and Documenting Effects

Emphasizes the importance of making notes and understanding how effects are generated.

Other Sequence-Generating Patches

S/H-Internal Clock Patch Variations

Details variations of the Sample/Hold and Internal Clock patch for sequence generation.

Simplified Patch: Omit S/H Circuit

Independent Envelope Generator Gating

Sequential Patch Examples

Patch for Intermittent Sound Generation

Describes a patch designed to produce intermittent sound, potentially for percussion.

Incomplete Patches for Individual Functions

Frequency Modulation Techniques

Explores frequency modulation effects and their cataloging.

AC/DC Coupling and Ring Modulator

Examines the difference between AC and DC coupling with the Ring Modulator.

Timbral/Harmonic Modulation with VCF

Discusses modulating timbre or harmonics using the VCF with various inputs.

Amplitude Modulation (AM) Techniques

High-Pass Filter Creation via Signal Inversion

Sound Effects Patches

Imitating Natural Sounds (Footsteps)

Details a patch for creating a 'footsteps' sound effect through critical control settings.

Reverberation Unit Integration

Motor and Industrial Sound Variations

Using External Equipment

Processing Externally-Generated Signals

Basic External Source Control Patch

Illustrates a basic patch using an external source to control synthesizer functions via envelope follower.

Improving External Source Control with Modulation

Combining Internal and External Signals

Keyboard-Controlled Automatic Pan Effect

Using Lag Processor for Control Voltages

Ring Modulator with Live Signals

Sample/Hold with External Signal Control

Sample/Hold with Noise Generator Control

Envelope Control for VCF/VCA

Externally Processing Internal Signals

Tape Echo and Graphic Equalizer Processing

Describes using external tape echo and graphic equalizers for signal processing.

Adjustment and Maintenance

General Maintenance and Care

Covers routine cleaning, protection from environmental factors, and general care.

Calibration and Alignment Procedures

Using Semi-Fixed Trimmers for Adjustment

Explains how to use the semi-fixed trimmers for calibration adjustments.

Keyboard and Panel Control Settings for Alignment

Specifies initial settings for keyboard and panel controls during alignment.

VCO Calibration Procedures

VCO Frequency Calibration Steps

Provides step-by-step instructions for calibrating the frequency of each VCO.

VCO-1 Square Wave Symmetry Adjustment

Voltage Controlled Filter (VCF) Adjustments

Output Offset Adjustment for VCF

Explains how to adjust the VCF's output offset trimmer for minimum pitch change.

Gain Adjustment for VCF

Frequency Calibration Steps for VCF

1V/Octave Calibration for VCF

Voltage Controlled Amplifier (VCA) Adjustments

High Frequency Rejection Adjustment

Explains how to adjust the VCA for minimum high-frequency signal through speakers.

Control Rejection Adjustment for VCA

Gain Adjustments for VCA

Ring Modulator Adjustments

Null Adjustments for Ring Modulator

Guides the user through adjusting the POS NULL and NEG NULL trimmers for minimum signal.

Gain Adjustment for Ring Modulator

Conclusion of Calibration and Maintenance

Preventive Maintenance Guidelines

Avoiding Disassembly and Preset Adjustments

Warns against disassembling the unit and adjusting fixed trimmers to avoid voiding warranty.

Cleaning Keyboard Contacts

Explains the process for cleaning keyboard contacts to ensure steady control voltage.

Electrical Precautions with External Equipment

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