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INGREDIENTS
Gluten-free flour:thereareagreatnumber
ofso-called“non-bread”flours(whichdonot
containgluten).Themostwidelyknownare
buckwheat,rice(whiteandbrown),quinoa,
corn,chestnutandsorghumflours.
Toattempttorecreatetheelasticityofgluten,
itiscrucialtomixtogetherseveraltypesof
non-breadfloursandtoaddthickeningagents.
Thickening agents: to obtain a proper
consistencyandtotrytoimitatetheelasticity
ofgluten,youcanalsoaddxanthangumand/
orguargumtoyourdough.Theseingredients
are used as thickeners, stabilisers and
emulsifiersintheagri-foodindustry.
Ready-to-use gluten-free mixes: These
make it easier to bake gluten-free bread
becausetheycontainthickenersandhavethe
advantageofbeingguaranteedtocontainno
gluten;somearealsoorganic.
Not all brands of ready-to-use gluten-free
mixturesdeliverthesameresults.
Fats and oils: fats make the bread softer
andtastier.Italsostoresbetterandlonger.
Toomuchfatslowsdownrising.Ifyouuse
butter,cut it into tinypieces so that itis
distributedevenlythroughoutthepreparation,
orsoftenit.Youcansubstitute15gbutterfor
1tablespoonofoil.Donotaddhotbutter.
Keepthefatfromcomingintocontactwith
the yeast, as fat can prevent yeast from
rehydrating. Do not use low fat spreads or
buttersubstitutes.
Eggs:eggsmakethedoughricher,improve
thecolour of the bread and encourage the
developmentofthesoft,whitepart.Ifyou
useeggs, reducethequantityofliquidyou
useproportionally.Breaktheeggandtopup
withtheliquiduntilyoureachthequantity
of liquid indicated in the recipe. Recipes
aredesignedforone50g sizeegg;ifyour
eggsarebigger,addalittleflour;iftheyare
smaller,uselessflour.
Milk: recipes use either fresh or powdered
milk.Ifusingpowderedmilk,addthequantity
ofwaterstatedintherecipe.Itenhancesthe
flavourandimprovesthekeepingqualitiesof
thebread.Forrecipesusingfreshmilk,you
cansubstitutesomeofitwithwaterbutthe
totalvolumemustequalthequantitystated
intherecipe.Semi-skimmedorskimmedmilk
isbesttoavoidbreadhavingaclosetexture.
Milk also has an emulsifying effect which
evensoutitsairiness,givingthesoft,white
partabetteraspect.
Water: water rehydrates and activates the
yeast. It also hydrates the starch in the
flourandhelpsthesoft,whiteparttoform.
Watercanbetotallyorpartiallyreplacedwith
milkor other liquids. Use liquids at room
temperature, except for gluten-free breads
that require the use of lukewarm water
(approximately 35°C).
Flour: the weight of the flour varies
significantlydependingonthetypeofflour
used.Dependingonthequalityoftheflour,
bakingresultsmayalsovary.Keepflourina
hermeticallysealedcontainer,asflourreacts
to fluctuations in atmospheric conditions,
absorbingmoistureorlosingit.Use“strong
flour”,“breadflour”or“baker’sflour”rather
thanstandardflour.Addingoats,bran,wheat
germ,ryeorwholegrainstothebreaddough
willgiveasmaller,heavierloafofbread.
Using T55 flour is recommended unless
otherwise specified in the recipe. If you are
using special flour blends for bread, brioche
or rolls, do not exceed 750 g of dough in
total.
Siftingtheflouralsoaffectstheresults:the
moretheflouriswhole(i.e.themoreofthe
outer envelope of the wheat it contains),
thelessthedoughwillriseandthedenser
the bread. You can also find ready-to-use
bread preparations on the market. Follow
the manufacturer’s instructions when using
thesepreparations.Usually,thechoiceofthe